众创空间创新氛围一定能促进创客创新?个体—情境交互理论视角的实证研究

Can Innovation Atmosphere of Crowd-Maker Space Effectively Promote Makers’ Innovation Behavior: An Empirical Study base on The Person-Context Interaction Theory

基于个体—情境交互理论,创客的创新行为是外部情境与其个体特质交互作用的结果,但现有文献并没有对这一交互关系如何影响创新行为进行讨论。论文构建众创空间创新氛围、创客调节焦点与创客创新行为之间的交互模型,并利用两次调研所收集到的264份来自于众创空间的有效问卷进行多元线性回归分析,以为众创空间如何提高创新氛围孵育服务实践的针对性和有效性提供实证指导。结果显示:(1)在众创空间情境下,促进焦点对创新行为有正向影响,防御焦点对创新行为有负向影响;(2)社区支持会强化高促进焦点创客以及高防御焦点创客的创新行为;(3)任务导向仅会强化高促进焦点创客的创新行为,但对高防御焦点创客的创新行为没有影响;(4)创客赋权会强化高促进焦点创客的创新行为,但会抑制高防御焦点创客的创新行为。

Crowd-Maker Space plays an important role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the real economy. However, the overall innovation output level of China’s Crowd-Maker Space is not high at present. Since the maker is the main body of the Crowd-Maker Space, it can stimulate the innovative behavior of the maker to increase the innovation output of the Crowd-Maker Space. Based on the theory of person-context interaction, makers’ innovative behaviors are the result of the interaction between external situations and their individual characteristics. However, the existing research has not discussed how this interaction affects innovation behavior. The purpose of this research is to study the interaction model among the innovation atmosphere of the Crowd-Maker Space, the regulatory focus of the maker and the innovative behavior of the maker. Breakthrough the limitations of existing studies that only focus on the impact of individual characteristics or single situational factors on makers’ innovative behaviors. Examine the impact of the interaction between individual characteristics and external situations on makers’ innovative behavior in the context of Crowd-Maker Space, which can expand the research context of the theory of person-context interaction. In addition, the regulatory focus and innovation atmosphere are included in the interaction model, and the different effects of innovation atmosphere on the innovative behaviors of makers with different types of regulatory focus are found in the context of Crowd-Maker Space,which enriches the research on the regulatory focus and innovation atmosphere.This study adopted two-stage method to collect sample data, and conducted multiple linear regression analysis using 264 questionnaires collected from Crowd-Maker Space. The results showed that: In the context of Crowd-Maker Space,Climate-task orientation, community support and maker empowerment can all promote makers’ innovative behaviors. The promotion focus has a positive effect on the innovation behavior of makers, while the prevention focus has a negative effect. Community support will strengthen the innovation behavior of makers with high promotion focus and makers with high prevention focus. Climate-task orientation only strengthens the innovation behavior of the makers with high promotion focus, but it has no influence on the innovation behavior of the makers with high prevention focus. Maker empowerment will strengthen the innovation behavior of the maker with high promotion focus, but it will inhibit the innovation behavior of the maker with high prevention focus.Further analysis shows that: in relatively open environments, such as virtual communities and Crowd-Maker Space,individuals’ prevention focus is more inclined to inhibit innovative behaviors. The study further distinguishes the effects of maker empowerment on makers with different traits, and finds that empowerment has a positive impact on the innovative behavior of makers with high promotion focus, but a negative impact on the innovative behavior of makers with high prevention focus. According to this conclusion, in the process of creating innovation atmosphere and maker incubation, maker characteristics can be tested in the Crowd-Maker Space, and policies can be adopted according to different maker characteristics to enhance the pertinence of innovation incubation, improve its effectiveness and reduce negative effects. The conclusion that maker empowerment may not necessarily lead to the improvement of innovation is worthy of attention, and the relationship between it and prevention focus makers and its influence mechanism deserve further study, so as to form a more detailed conclusion and improve the explanatory power.