西宁周边山地主要造林树种防火性能评价

Fire Performance Evaluation of Ten Main Afforestation Species in Mountainous Areas Around Xining, Qinghai Province

[目的]通过对青海地区常见树种的理化性质和燃烧特性的研究,综合评价当地主要造林树种的防火性能,为该地的防火树种筛选提供一定的理论依据。[方法]选取常见10个树种的树叶、树皮、树枝进行理化性质测定(含水率、燃点、热值)和燃烧试验(燃烧时间、火烧强度),通过因子分析将10个树种的防火性能指标划分为抗燃性因子fa与燃烧性因子fb(包含燃烧表征因子fb1和内在燃烧因子f_(b2))2个防火因子,利用Pearson相关分析和偏相关分析建立了理化性质指标与防火因子之间的联系,通过综合分析,最后对10个树种的防火性能进行了排序。[结果](1)燃烧表征因子f_(b2)与树叶含水率、树皮燃点和树枝燃点,抗燃性因子fa与燃烧表征因子f_(b2)和树叶热值存在显著的负相关关系;(2)偏相关分析后得出,树叶含水率对燃烧表征因子f_(b2),燃烧表征因子f_(b2)对fa抗燃性因子有很好的反指作用;(3)分别基于燃烧试验和防火性能综合值的树种防火性能排序相似度为0.64。[结论]建立了所测10个树种的综合抗火性评价模型,得出了基于不同权重体系下的防火性能的排序(四翅滨藜>山杏>黄刺玫>柠条>紫丁香>沙枣>沙棘>榆叶梅>砂地柏>青海云杉),该结果对西宁及周边区域的树种栽植时防火性能参考具有实际应用和推广意义。

[Objective]To study the physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics of common tree species in Qinghai,and to evaluate the fire resistance of local tree species,so as to provide references for the selection of fire-resistant tree species in Qinghai.[Method]The fire-resistance indexes of 10 tree species were divided into fire-resistance factor fa and combustion performance factor fb(including the extrinsic factor fb1 and the intrinsic factor fb2)by factor analysis.Through Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis,the relationship between the 9 physicochemical properties of the 10 tree species and the fire prevention factors was obtained.Finally,the fire-resistant performance of the 10 tree species was ranked by comprehensive analysis.[Result](1)There was a significant negative correlation between fb2 and the moisture content of leaves,between the burning point of bark and branches,and between fa,fb2 and the calorific value of leaves.(2)The results of partial correlation analysis showed that the moisture content of leaves had a significant negative correlation with fb2,and the fb2 had a significant negative correlation with fa.(3)The ranking similarity of fire performance of tree species based on the comprehensive values of combustion test and fire performance was 64%.[Conclusion]The comprehensive fire-resistance evaluation model of the 10 tree species is established,and the order of fire-resistance is obtained based on different weight systems as Atriplex canescens>Armeniaca sibirica>Rosa xanthina>Caragana korshinskii>Syringa oblata Lindl.>Elaeagnus angustifolia>Hippophaerha mnoides>Amygdalus triloba>Sabina vulgaris>Picea crassifolia.The results are of practical application and popularization to the fire-resistance of tree species in Xining and its surrounding areas.