新疆野果林的新害虫--杏树鬃球蚧(半翅目:蚧总科:蚧科)

Sphaerolecanium prunastri(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Coccidae),A New Pest in Wild Fruit Forests,Xinjiang

[目的]杏树鬃球蚧在新疆野果林暴发成灾,对野杏生存和野果林生态环境造成重大危害。本研究揭示该虫在新疆野杏上的生物学特性,旨在为防控杏树鬃球蚧提供科学依据。[方法]2019年6月至2020年6月,在新疆巩留县和新源县通过室内实验和野外调查相结合,研究了杏树鬃球蚧的形态特征、生活史、习性。[结果]杏树鬃球蚧属于性二型昆虫,雌成虫呈半球形,雄虫有翅。在新疆野果林1年发生1代,主要以2龄若虫在枝条上越冬,越冬死亡率在65%以上,雌雄性比为1.02∶1。雌成虫平均产卵量527粒,卵的发育起点温度9.50℃,有效积温81.17 DD。杏树鬃球蚧在野杏树冠东、南、西、北4个方位的发生量无显著差异,主要分布在3年生枝条,且同一枝条阴面显著多于阳面。[结论]杏树鬃球蚧在新疆野果林的薄弱环节为2龄若虫出蛰期、膨大期(3月下旬至4月下旬)和1龄若虫涌散期(6月上、中旬),建议在此时期对该虫开展综合防治。

[Objective]Sphaerolecanium prunastri(Boyer de Fonscolombe)broke out in wild fruit forests in Xinjiang,which caused great harm to the survival of wild apricot and the ecological environment of wild fruit forests.This paper tries to clarify the biological characteristics of S.prunastri in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of S.prunastri in wild apricot forest in Xinjiang,China.[Method]From June 2019 to June 2020,the morphological characteristics,life history and habits of S.prunastri were studied by laboratory observation and field survey in Gongliu and Xinyuan counties in Xinjiang,China.[Result]S.prunastri was sexual dimorphism insect.The female adult was hemispherical and the male has wings.S.prunastri had one generation a year and overwintered as second instar nymphs mainly on the branches.The overwintering mortality was more than 65%.The female adult laid 527 eggs averagely.The estimated lower developmental threshold was 9.50℃,and effective accumulated temperature of 81.17 degree-day were required for development from the egg to first instar.The female to male ratio was 1.02:1.There was no significant difference in the number of S.prunastri in the four directions of the wild apricot tree crown.S.prunastri was mainly distributed on the shade side of three-year-old branches.[Conclusion]The best time for prevention and control of S.prunastri in Xinjiang wild fruit forests is the post-hibernant and the enlargement period of 2nd-instar overwintering nymphs(late March to late April)and the dispersal period of 1st-instar nymphs(early to middle June).It is suggested to carry out comprehensive control of S.prunastri in this period.