全要素视角下上市中药工业企业创新资源使用效率及其变动分解研究

Research on the Utilization Efficiency of Innovative Resources and Its Change Decomposition of Listed TCM Industrial Enterprises from the Perspective of Total Factors

目的:为提高中药工业企业创新效率提供有效的改善路径和政策建议。方法:基于2014-2020年38家上市中药工业企业的创新资源投入、产出数据,从全要素视角出发构建评价指标体系。首先采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型测算样本企业的静态效率,同时给出创新资源使用的4种模式分类;再运用全要素Malmquist指数法,按不同时期和微观个体分析创新资源使用效率的变动分解情况。结果与结论:上市中药工业企业创新资源使用效率水平总体过低,综合效率均值仅为0.293;33家样本企业的创新资源投入产出不合理,无效原因较多来自于纯技术效率不足;38家样本企业的全要素Malmquist指数均值为0.818,效率整体呈衰退趋势,技术进步阻碍是引起效率下降的主要原因。据此,笔者建议提高中药工业企业的创新资源配置能力,结合规模报酬调整研发投入比例;明确以科技创新为核心驱动力的发展原则,积极开展基础研究性工作;落实"中药工业企业-中医药研究机构"产研平台,推动行业整体技术进步。

OBJECTIVE:To provide effective improvement paths and policy suggestions for improving the innovation efficiency of TCM industrial enterprises.METHODS:Based on the input and output data of innovation resources of 38 listed TCM industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2020,an evaluation index system was constructed from the perspective of all factors.First,the deta envelopment analysis(DEA)model was used to measure the static efficiency of the sample enterprises,and at the same time,four patterns of innovative resource utilization were provided;then the total factor Malmquist index method was used to analyze the decomposition of the changes in utilization efficiency of innovative resources according to different periods and micro-individuals.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The overall efficiency of innovative resource utilization of listed TCM industrial enterprises was too low,and the average overall efficiency was only 0.293.The input and output of innovation resources of 33 enterprises were unreasonable,and the reasons for the inefficiency are mostly due to insufficient pure technical efficiency.The average value of the all-factor Malmquist index was 0.818 for 38 sample enterprises,and the overall efficiency was declining.The obstacles to technological progress were a more important reason for the decline in efficiency.It is recommended to improve TCM industrial enterprise’s ability to allocate innovation resources and adjust the proportion of R&D investment in conjunction with the return to scale;clarify the development principles with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force,and actively carry out basic research work;implement the production and research platform of"TCM industrial enterprise-TCM research institution"to promote the overall technological progress of the industry.