北京11种宿根地被植物对镍的耐性和富集转运特征

Characteristics of Nickle Tolerance, Accumulation and Translocation of 11 Species of Perennial Ground Cover Plants in Beijing

为研究北京常用宿根地被植物对Ni胁迫的耐受和富集能力,对绢毛匍匐委陵菜、匍匐委陵菜、青绿苔草、涝峪苔草、荆芥、射干、马蔺、麦冬、大花萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草、玉簪11种宿根地被植物展开为期3个月的不同浓度含Ni土壤栽培试验,4种处理CK、T1、T2、T3土壤重金属Ni含量分别为:26.99、539.78、1 028.83、1 545.58 mg·kg^(-1)。结果表明,本试验条件下未出现Ni超富集植物,但几乎所有处理组植物Ni转运系数均>1,具备较强的Ni转运能力。耐性方面:青绿苔草、大花萱草、麦冬、射干和马蔺Ni耐性较强,匍匐委陵菜、玉簪、‘金娃娃’萱草和涝峪苔草Ni耐性较弱。富集方面:匍匐委陵菜和青绿苔草在T1和T2浓度下具有较强Ni富集能力;马蔺和麦冬在Ni浓度达到T3时表现出相对较强的Ni富集能力。而绢毛匍匐委陵菜和荆芥在本试验条件下对Ni胁迫不具有耐性和富集性。青绿苔草、马蔺和麦冬兼具较强耐性和富集性,可作为净化北京园林绿地Ni污染的理想地被植物。

Nickel pollution ranks the second in soil heavy metal pollution in China, but there are few reports on the research and application of native plants in the management of soil heavy metal Ni.A 3-month-long study was conducted on the tolerance and accumulation ability of 11 species of common perennial ground cover plants occurring in Beijing to Ni stress, i.e.,Potentilla reptans var.sericophylla,P.reptans,Carex breviculmis,C.giraldiana,Nepeta cataria,Iris domestica,I.lactea var.chinensis,Ophiopogon japonicus,Hemerocallis hybrida,H.fulva ‘Golden Doll’,and Hosta plantaginea.Seedlings tested were cultivated in the soils with the Ni concentrations of 26.99(original content of Ni in the soil, control),539.78(T1),1 028.83(T2) and 1 545.58 mg·kg^(-1) (T3),respectively.No Ni-hyperaccumulation plant species was found in this study, however, almost all the plant species in the treatment groups had Ni translocation factors greater than 1,demonstrating their strong Ni transport capacities.Among the 11 species tested, C.breviculmis,H.hybrida,O.japonicus,I.domestica and I.lactea var.chinensis exhibited strong Ni tolerance capability, while P.reptans,H.plantaginea,H.fulva ‘Golden Doll’ and C.giraldiana showed weak Ni tolerance capability.In terms of Ni accumulation, P.reptans and C.breviculmis had strong Ni enrichment capacity at T1 and T2 concentrations.When the Ni concentration in soil reached the level of T3,I.lactea var.chinensis and O.japonicus showed relatively strong Ni accumulation ability.However, P.reptans var.sericophylla and N.cataria had no tolerance or accumulation to Ni stress under the experimental conditions.It was concluded that C.breviculmis,I.lactea var.chinensis and O.japonicus had strong Ni tolerance and accumulation capabilities, these plant species could be used as ideal groundcovers to purify the Ni pollution of greenland in Beijing.