中古英国地方共同体的政治参与--基于末日审判调查的视角

A Study of the Political Participation of the English Local Communities from the Perspective of Domesday Survey

1086年末日审判调查为考量中世纪英国地方共同体的政治参与提供了一个窗口,透过调查可以发现,地方社会各阶层都参与其中,扮演着各自的角色。王室调查专员仅负责监督,地方共同体始终掌握着调查主动权,负责数据反馈和解决纠纷,陪审员宣誓调查首次普遍应用于政治实践。地方共同体的政治参与具有鲜明的代表性和广泛的社会参与性,参与者之间相互监督,初步形成评估回避机制。调查不仅促进了英国封建土地所有制的建立,而且推动了书面化进程,改进了社会治理方式,新的地方治理体系开始逐渐形成。

The survey of the Domesday in 1086 is a window to look into the political participation of the English local communities in the Middle Ages.All classes of local society participated in the survey and played their respective roles.The Royal commissioner was only responsible for supervision,while the local communities were always the initiative sectors of the survey responsible for the data feedback and dispute resolution.Meanwhile,the jury sworn investigation were first time employed widely during this process.In the progress of the survey,the participants monitored each other and a challenge system was introduced for result evaluation.The survey not only promoted the establishment of the feudal land ownership,but also promoted the bookkeeping system in governmental administration,and a newer way of local governance came into being.