家国、历史与叙事——文天祥自传文本中的“自我”呈现

Home-Country,History and Narrative: The Self-Presentation in Wen Tianxiang’s Autobiographical Texts

作为生逢末世光耀千古的民族英雄,文天祥荡气回肠的人生经历,令其自传文本具有无可比拟的史学价值的同时,还呈现出异彩纷呈的多元特色。其自传文本国家话语定位与自我身份塑造的契合,个体人生遭际与时代历史史实的互文,角色形象演绎与追慕诗史之旨对应的家国、历史与叙事三维一体的套嵌模式,呈现出独一无二的自我身份认同和个体人格特性。他以超越个人的道德标准和价值体系,把士大夫的历史使命感和社会责任感发挥到了极致,令其自传文本以浩然崇高的精神境界和气势胸怀,臻于中国古代文人风骨气节的至高点,凸显了国族危机下士大夫的政治选择与爱国书写。

Wen Tianxiang,a glorious national hero in the end of the Song Dynasty,had the stirring life experience,because of which his autobiography owns both incomparable historical value and various colorful characteristics. In his autobiography,national discourse positioning fits self-identity building,individual life experiences echos historical facts of the times,and the role image deduction corresponds to the pursuit of composing poetry to show history. The three-dimensional embedded mode of family,history and narrative presents his unique self-identity and personality. Beyond personal moral standards and value system,he brought the sense of historical mission and social responsibility of literati to the extreme,which makes his autobiography,through supreme integrity of character,reach an overwhelming position among ancient Chinese literati,highlighting the political choice and patriotism of literati under the national crisis.