主流国际关系理论超越了地缘政治理论吗?

Do Mainstream IR Theories Surpass Geopolitical Theories?

国际关系学和地缘政治学两者对国际形势的解读,由于学科间差异发展出完全不同的研究思路和理论,且存在巨大隔阂。为化解学科间的误解,促进学科间的交融互鉴,本文从权力、国际体系、建构三个方面对比分析了两学科理论构建之异同,得出主流国际关系理论并没有超越地缘政治学理论的结论。地缘政治学立足于空间认知的差异而构建出不同的地缘政治理论,国际关系学则以探讨国家行为体的行为逻辑为核心,通过无政府状态的假设、修正及深化,构建出国际关系学的主流理论。对两学科的对比分析较好地展现了两学科理论构建的独特视角和差异性,为开启跨学科的交融互鉴以及未来的理论与实践研究指明了方向。地理学界开启的“地缘环境解析的理论与方法”跨学科研究是一种积极的尝试。

Due to the differences between International Relations(IR)and geopolitics,their interpretation of the international situation has formed completely different research thoughts and theories,and there is a huge gap between them.In order to resolve the misunderstanding and promote the integration and mutual learning between the two disciplines,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differ⁃ences between mainstream IR theories and geopolitical theories from three aspects of the power,the interna⁃tional system,and the constructivism.It concludes that the mainstream IR theories are not superior to geo⁃political theories.Geopolitics has constructed different geopolitical theories based on the differences in the cognition of“space”,while IR scholars construct the mainstream IR theories based on the assumption,re⁃vision and deepening of anarchy,which focuses on the logic of state actors'behavior.Through the compara⁃tive analysis of the mainstream theories,the unique perspectives and differences of the theoretical construc⁃tion of the two disciplines can be better demonstrated,which points out the direction for the cross⁃discipli⁃nary integration and mutual learning,and the theoretical and practical research in the future.It is a positive attempt that China’s geographers have initiated the interdisciplinary research on“theories and methods of geo⁃setting analysis”.