炭基土壤调理剂配施专用肥对玉米土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

Effects of Mixed Application of Biochar-based Soil Conditioner and Specific Fertilizers on Maize Microorganism and Enzyme Activities in Soil

通过大田试验,研究了炭基土壤调理剂与玉米专用肥(T1)、玉米生物专用肥(T2)配施后对玉米微生物数量、群落结构及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与对照农户施肥(CK)相比,炭基土壤调理剂配施2种专用肥均能够明显提高玉米根际细菌、放线菌数量,土壤真菌数量下降;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性得到不同程度的提高,过氧化物酶活性没有明显差异;土壤微生物的代谢活性与功能多样性均高于对照;通过PCA分析也表明,T1、T2处理和CK处理在主成分坐标系中差异十分明显,即玉米根际微生物群落功能多样性差异显著;T1、T2处理更有利于玉米的增产。总体而言,与农户施肥相比,炭基土壤调理剂配施2种专用肥处理均有较好的效果,以炭基土壤调理剂与生物专用肥配施的效果最好。

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of biochar-based soil conditioner application combined with maize-specific fertilizer(T1) and maize biologic special fertilizer(T2) on microbial population, community structure and soil enzyme activities of maize. The results indicated that compared with the control, biochar-based soil conditioner application combined with two maize-specific fertilizers could significantly improve the amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes, but reduce the number of soil fungi. The soil sucrose, urease, acid phosphatase activities increased in different degrees, while the soil peroxidase activities were not significantly different. Metabolic activity and functional diversity of soil microbial community under applying biochar-based soil conditioner combined with two maize-specific fertilizers were higher than those of the control. The principal components analysis(PCA) also demonstrated that, the T1, T2 and CK treatments were significantly different in the principal component coordinate system, indicating that the functional diversity of maize rhizosphere microbial community was significantly different. T1 and T2 treatments were more conducive to maize yield. In general, compared with farmers’ fertilization, biochar-based soil conditioner application combined with two maize-specific fertilizers has better effect, and biologic special fertilizer for maize treatment has the best effect.