边界重塑和关系再构:分布式领导视野下老年学习共同体的构建

Boundary Remolding and Relationship Reconstructing:Construction of Elderly Learning Community from the Perspective of Distributed Leadership

我国的老年教育虽然长期得到国家和政府的关怀和支持,但依然面临着老年教育事业区域发展参差不齐、大部分老年人并未获得这一普惠公益教育的困境。采取学习共同体模式,能够解决资金、师资、教学资源短缺等问题,也使老年人能充分发挥自身余热和经验能力,体现人生价值。运用分布式领导理论分析老年学习共同体与外界管理者发生互动时应塑造的权利边界和在内部应构筑的互动关系:一是将权力尽大程度地分布到老年学习共同体中,让一些适合的人来承担学习共同体中的管理领导和教学领导职责,重构和不断改进老年教育组织的领导体系;二是根据老年学习共同体成员的能力、任务、情境将领导职能动态灵活动态地分享给多位成员,注重成员在共同体内灵活多样的决策参与方式。最终通过分布式领导的基本原则,来构建老年学习共同体的实现路径:包括自组织的管理、网络共同体的搭建、责任中心感的强化、对话新机制的开启。

Although elderly education in China has been officially concerned and supported for a long time,it is still faced with the dilemma that the development of elderly education in different areas is uneven,and most of the elderly do not get this inclusive public welfare education.Adopting the learning community model can solve the problems of shortage of funds,teachers and teaching resources,and also enable the elderly to make contribution and reflect the value of life.This paper uses the theory of distributed leadership to analyze the boundary of rights that should be shaped when the elderly learning community interacts with the outside managers,and the interactive relationship that should be built inside:Firstly,we should distribute the power to the elderly learning community as much as possible,let some suitable people undertake the responsibilities of management and teaching leadership in the learning community,in the meanwhile,reconstruct and continuously improve the leadership of the elderly education organization;Secondly,according to the abilities,tasks and situations of the members of the learning community for the elderly,the leadership functions are dynamically and flexibly shared with various members,paying more attention to the flexible and diverse decision-making ways of the members in the community.The realization path of the elderly learning community is constructed through the basic principles of distributed leadership,including the management of self-organization,the construction of network community,the strengthening of the sense of responsibility,and the opening of new dialogue mechanism.