植物精油在反刍动物营养中的研究进展

Research Advances of Plant Essential Oils in Ruminant Nutrition

植物精油是植物体次生代谢产物,因其能够促进饲粮中营养物质的消化吸收、抑制肠道致病菌定植、发挥抗氧化作用及增强动物免疫功能等,而被作为抗生素的替代品广泛应用于猪和家禽生产中。反刍动物因其复杂的肠道生态系统,导致植物精油促生长机制与单胃动物有所不同,明晰植物精油的生物活性功能及作用机理对其在反刍家畜中的推广具有重要意义。本文综述了植物精油对反刍动物生产性能、畜产品品质、免疫状态、肠道微生物区系、甲烷排放以及复合植物精油的相互作用类型,以期为反刍动物植物源饲料添加剂的开发和应用提供参考依据。

Plant essential oils are secondary metabolite fractions mainly extracted from plants that have been extensively used in the pig and also in the poultry industry because they can promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients in feed,inhibit the colonization of intestinal pathogenic bacteria,play an antioxidant role and enhance the immune function of animals.The growth-promoting mechanism of plant essential oils in ruminants feeding is different from that in non-ruminants since that their complex intestinal ecosystem.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the biological activity and mechanism of plant essential oil for its popularization in ruminant livestock.This article summarized the effects of plant essential oils on ruminant production performance,quality of animal products,immune status,intestinal microflora,methane emission,and interaction types of compound essential oils,to provide the reference for further research and application of plant feed additives for ruminants.