不同补饲水平对放牧沂蒙黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质和胃肠道发育的影响

Effects of Different Supplementary Feeding Levels on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Muscle Quality and Gastrointestinal Development of Grazing Yimeng Black Goats

本试验旨在研究不同补饲水平对放牧沂蒙黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质和胃肠道发育的影响,为沂蒙黑山羊健康饲养提供科学依据。试验选取100只6月龄沂蒙黑山羊,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只(公∶母=2∶3)。试验采用放牧+补饲的饲喂模式,各组试验羊分别补饲0(对照组)、0.10、0.15、0.20 kg/(d·只)精料补充料。预试期10 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)各试验组的终末体重、体重增加、终末体长、终末体高、管围增加和终末腰角宽度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),补饲0.20 kg/(d·只)组的体长增加、体高增加、终末管围和腰角宽度增加显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各试验组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且补饲0.20 kg/(d·只)组显著高于补饲0.10 kg/(d·只)组(P<0.05)。2)各试验组的宰前活体重、胴体重和眼肌面积显著高于对照组(P<0.05),补饲0.20 kg/(d·只)组的后腿比重显著高于对照组和补饲0.10 kg/(d·只)组(P<0.05)。3)补饲0.20 kg/(d·只)组的肌肉pH 24 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05),补饲0.15和0.20 kg/(d·只)组的肌肉剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各试验组的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肌肉粗灰分含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)各试验组的复胃相对重量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),补饲0.20 kg/(d·只)组的瘤胃液pH、瘤胃相对重量和小肠总长度显著低于对照组和补饲0.10 kg/(d·只)组(P<0.05)。补饲0.15 kg/(d·只)组的瘤胃乳头长度、十二指肠绒毛高度、十二指肠隐窝深度、空肠隐窝深度和回肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,补饲精料补充料能够提高沂蒙黑山羊的生长性能,改善肌肉品质和胃肠道发育。在本试验条件下,结合生长性能和屠宰性能等各项指标,育成期沂蒙黑山羔羊补饲0.15~0.20 kg/(d·只)精料补充料比较合适。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different supplementary feeding levels on growth performance,slaughter performance,muscle quality and gastrointestinal development of grazing Yimeng black goats,so as to provide scientific basis for healthy feeding of Yimeng black goats.A total of 100 Yimeng black goats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 goats per replicate(male∶female=2∶3)in each group.They were all fed with grazing and supplementary feeding mode,and the experimental goats were fed with 0(control group),0.10,0.15 and 0.20 kg/(d·head)concentrate supplementary feed.After 10 days of pre feeding period,it entered the formal period of 120 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight,increased body weight,final body length,final body height,increased canno circumference and final waist width of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the increased body length,increased body height,final canno circumference and increased waist width of supplementary feeding 0.20 kg/(d·head)group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The average daily gain of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and supplementary feeding 0.20 kg/(d·head)group was higher than supplementary feeding 0.10 kg/(d·head)group(P<0.05).2)The pre-slaughter weight,carcass weight and eye muscle area of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the ham percentage of supplementary feeding 0.20 kg/(d·head)group was significantly higher than that of the control group and supplementary feeding 0.10 kg/(d·head)group(P<0.05).3)The muscle pH 24 h of supplementary feeding 0.20 kg/(d·head)group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the muscle shear force of supplementary feeding 0.15 and 0.20 kg/(d·head)groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The muscle ether extract content of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the muscle ash content of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).4)The relative weight of stomach of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the rumen fluid pH,rumen relative weight and total length of small intestine of supplementary feeding 0.20 kg/(d·head)group were significantly lower than that of the control group and supplementary feeding 0.10 kg/(d·head)group(P<0.05).The length of rumen papilla,villus height of duodenum,crypt depth of duodenum,crypt depth of jejunum and villus height of ileum of supplementary feeding 0.15 kg/(d·head)group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementary feeding the concentrate supplementary feed can improve the growth performance,muscle quality and gastrointestinal development of grazing Yimeng black goats.Under the conditions of this experiment,combining with the growth performance,slaughter performance and other indexes,it is suitable to supplement 0.15 to 0.20 kg/(d·head)concentrate supplementary feed of Yimeng black goats during growing period.