库存稻糙米营养组成、脂肪酸值和霉菌毒素含量的分析比较

Comparative Study of Nutrient Composition,Fatty Acid Value and Mycotoxin Contents of Stored Brown Rice

本试验旨在研究库存稻糙米营养组成、脂肪酸值和霉菌毒素含量变化,为其在畜禽饲粮中的科学合理应用提供数据支撑。收集我国黑龙江省6个粮库2015-2019年收储的粳稻、安徽省5个粮库2017-2019年收储的中晚籼稻以及湖南省4个粮库2017-2019年收储的早籼稻,脱壳制成糙米后,检测营养组成、脂肪酸值和霉菌毒素含量。结果表明:1)就不同产地和品种而言,2019年当年收获的安徽中晚籼稻糙米和湖南早籼稻糙米的干物质含量显著高于黑龙江粳稻糙米(P<0.05),湖南早籼稻糙米的粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量显著高于其他稻糙米(P<0.05);2019年当年收获的安徽中晚籼稻糙米和湖南早籼稻糙米的组氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸含量显著高于黑龙江粳稻糙米(P<0.05),安徽中晚籼稻糙米的异亮氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于黑龙江粳稻糙米(P<0.05)。2)就不同库存年份而言,黑龙江粳稻糙米、安徽中晚籼稻糙米和湖南早籼稻糙米的常规营养成分和氨基酸含量在各库存年份间均无显著差异(P>0.05),仅安徽中晚籼稻糙米的粗蛋白质含量随库存年份增加显著升高(P<0.05)。3)随库存年份增加,3个产地稻糙米的脂肪酸值均逐渐升高,且黑龙江省2015年和2016年收储的粳稻糙米、安徽省2017年和2018年收储的中晚籼稻糙米以及湖南省2017年收储的早籼稻糙米脂肪酸值显著高于当年新收获稻糙米(P<0.05)。4)黑龙江粳稻糙米和湖南早籼稻糙米的呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮含量在不同库存年份间无显著差异(P>0.05),仅安徽省粮库库存中晚籼稻糙米呕吐毒素含量显著高于当年新收获中晚籼稻糙米(P<0.05),但均未超过《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078-2017)规定的安全限量。由此可见,黑龙江省粮库储存5年、安徽省与湖南省粮库储存3年以内的稻糙米的营养组成与当年新收获稻糙米相比差异不大,脂肪酸值和霉菌毒素含量较低,可作为安全优质的能量饲料原料应用于畜禽饲粮。

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of nutrient composition,fatty acid value and mycotoxin contents of stored brown rice,so as to provide data support for the practical application of stored brown rice in animal feeding.Japonica rice in six Heilongjiang province granaries stored from 2015 to 2019,mid-late indica rice in five Anhui province granaries stored from 2017 to 2019 and early indica rice in four Hunan province granaries stored from 2017 to 2019 were collected.The rice was hulled and its nutrient composition,fatty acid value and mycotoxin contents were detected.The results showed as follows:1)in terms of different producing areas and varieties,the dry matter content of Anhui and Hunan brown rice newly harvested in 2019 was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang brown rice(P<0.05),and the crude protein and ash contents of Hunan brown rice was significantly higher than those of brown rice in other areas(P<0.05).The contents of histidine,cystine and glycine of Anhui and Hunan brown rice newly harvested in 2019 were significantly higher than those of Heilongjiang brown rice(P<0.05),and the contents of isoleucine and alanine of Anhui brown rice was significantly higher than those of Heilongjiang brown rice(P<0.05).2)In terms of different storage years,there were no significant differences in conventional nutrient and amino acid contents among different storage years of Heilongjiang,Anhui and Hunan brown rice(P>0.05),while the crude protein content of Anhui brown rice increased significant with the increase of storage year(P<0.05).3)The fatty acid value of brown rice from three producing areas increased gradually with the increase of storage year,and the fatty acid value of Heilongjiang brown rice stored in 2015 and 2016,Anhui brown rice stored in 2017 and 2018 and Hunan brown rice stored in 2017 was significantly higher than that of newly harvested brown rice(P<0.05).4)There were no significant differences in the contents of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone among different storage years of Heilongjiang and Hunan brown rice(P>0.05),and the deoxynivalenol content of Anhui stored brown rice was significantly higher than that of newly harvested brown rice(P<0.05).but did not exceed the safety limit in GB 13078-2017 Hygienical Standard for Feeds.In conclusion,there are no obvious differences in nutrient composition among the newly harvested brown rice and brown rice stored in Heilongjiang province granaries for 5 years,stored in Anhui and Hunan province granaries less than 3 years,and the fatty acid value and mycotoxin contents of brown rice are blow the safety limit,which can be used as safe and high quality energy feed ingredients in diets of livestock and poultry.