基于时机理论探讨变应性鼻炎免疫治疗患儿照顾者的照护体验

Exploration on Care Experience of Caregivers of Children with Allergic Rhinitis Treated with Immunotherapy Based on Timing It Right Theory

目的以时机理论为框架,探讨变应性鼻炎患儿家长在患儿免疫治疗不同阶段的真实体验,为提高患儿治疗依从性提供参考。方法2018年2月至2019年10月,选取因变应性鼻炎于南通大学附属医院耳鼻喉科门诊接受免疫治疗的患儿家长为研究对象,根据治疗阶段进行多次半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi资料分析方法结合时机理论对访谈主题进行提炼分析。结果共访谈患儿家长16名,针对其在患儿免疫治疗期间的照护体验,提炼出以下4个主题:确诊早期情绪反应强烈、疾病相关知识需求突显;治疗准备期对治疗方案犹豫、观望,不确定感明显;治疗调整期疾病知识缺乏较突出、希望获得信息及社会支持;适应期希望提供延续服务及随访。结论变应性鼻炎患儿家长的照护体验随治疗阶段的不同呈动态变化,医护人员应结合个体情况提供针对性的信息和心理支持,以提高患儿的治疗依从性、提升治疗效果。

Objective To explore the real experience of parents of children with allergic rhinitis at different stages of immunotherapy based on“timing it right”theory,providing a reference for improving treatment compliance.Methods From February 2018 to October 2019,parents of children with allergic rhinitis who received immunotherapy in the ENT Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University were selected as the subjects.They received more than one semi-structured interview in different stages of treatment.Then the interview topics were extracted for analysis using Colaizzi's method of data analysis combined with the“timing it right”theory.Results A total of 16 parents were interviewed.According to their care experience during their children’s immunotherapy,a total of 4 topics were extracted as follows:strong emotional response in the early stage of diagnosis,and prominent need for disease-related knowledge;hesitation and wait-and-see attitude towards treatment options during the preparation period,with obvious uncertainty;apparent lack of disease-related knowledge during the adjustment period,and desire for disease information and social support;desire for continuous services and follow-up during the adaptation period.Conclusion The nursing experience of the parents of children with allergic rhinitis shows dynamic changes with different treatment stages.Medical staff should provide targeted information and psychological support in combination with individual conditions so as to improve the treatment compliance of children and enhance the therapeutic effect.