试论彝族民间故事对传统家庭教育的主要作用

Tentative Discussion on the Primary Functions of Yi Folklores in Traditional Family Education

浩瀚的彝族民间故事寓意深刻、文化积淀深厚,不仅是是彝族文学的重要组成部分,也是彝族历史和文化的重要载体。随着社会历史的发展和社会生活的丰富,在英雄创世故事、人与自然故事、智斗妖魔鬼怪故事、诚实守信故事、勤劳致富故事等传统彝族民间故事的基础上,1935年红军长征过凉山后,彝族民间故事增添了红军革命故事、民族团结故事等新类型。这些民间故事不仅反映了彝族独特的社会形态、风俗习惯、伦理道德、宗教信仰、审美标准,而且很多内容与当代彝族社会、经济、文化的发展历程和前进方向十分默契。在现代化基础教育全面普及的情况下,深入发掘彝族民间故事中所蕴藏的丰富的教育资源,并将其应用到彝区学前教育实践中,不仅可以传承民族文化,而且可以在知、情、意三方面对彝族儿童和青少年的文化—心理结构建设产生潜移默化的影响,引导他们形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,从而与学校教育相辅相成,共同促进儿童和青少年身心和谐发展。

The vast amount of folk tales of Yi people contain deep implications and profound cultural accumulation which constitute not only an important party of Yi literature,but also act as an important carrier of Yi people’s history and culture.With the development and enrichment of social history and life,based on various forms of traditional Yi people’s folklore such as hero genesis,stories between man and nature,battles of wit against evil spirits,tales of honesty and trustworthiness,stories of diligence and wealth,a lot of new type of stories like revolutionary stories of the Red Army and national unity were added since 1935 when the Red Army passed Liangshan.Not only do these folktales reflect the unique social patterns,customs,ethics,religious beliefs as well as aesthetic standards of Yi people,but also accord with the contemporary social,economic and cultural development process and direction in many perspectives.In the context of overall popularization of modern primary education,the in-depth excavation of rich educational resources in Yi people’s folktales and application in pre-school education for Yi communities not only efficiently promote the inheritance of their ethnic culture but also exert a subtle influence on the construction of psychological structure of their children in terms of knowledge,emotion and will guide them to form correct world view,outlook on life and values,better promote the harmonious physical and mental development of children and adolescents.