锌氮互作对糯玉米籽粒营养品质及锌含量的影响

Effects of zinc and nitrogen interaction on nutritional quality and zinc content of waxy corn(Zea mays L.)

锌(Zn)是人体必需微量营养元素,缺锌引起“隐形饥饿”引发疾病,通过锌氮互作提高糯玉米(Zea mays L.)籽粒锌含量是改善人类锌营养有效措施。试验采用二因素裂区设计,比较“晋单糯41号”在4个供氮水平和5个供锌水平下营养品质及籽粒锌含量。结果表明,糯玉米籽粒赖氨酸、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉及锌含量均在锌氮互作N2Zn3(氮肥240 kg·hm^(-2)、锌肥9 kg·hm^(-2))处理最高,分别较对照显著提高67.58%、317.81%、78.28%、12.42%、55.65%。锌氮互作下糯玉米籽粒脂肪含量变化规律不明显,以N1Zn0(氮肥180 kg·hm^(-2)、锌肥0 kg·hm^(-2))处理最高,较对照显著提高31.35%。锌氮互作显著提高糯玉米籽粒锌含量,在N2Zn3(氮肥240 kg·hm^(-2)、锌肥9 kg·hm^(-2))处理达到40.12 mg·kg-1,达到玉米籽粒锌强化目标值。单施氮肥、单施锌肥及互作对籽粒锌含量影响存在显著差异,各因素对总变异贡献表现为锌肥>锌氮互作>氮肥。综合建议考虑营养品质及锌含量,以氮肥240 kg·hm^(-2)、锌肥9 kg·hm^(-2)配施为宜。

"Invisible hunger"caused by zinc deficiency has become the fifth major factor in inducing diseases in developing countries.Increasing the zinc content of waxy corn(Zea mays L.)kernels through zinc and nitrogen interaction is an effective measure to improve human zinc nutrition.The experiment adopted a two-factor split-plot design to compare the nutritional quality and grain zinc content of"Jindannuo 41"at four nitrogen supply levels and five zinc supply levels.The results showed that the contents of lysine,soluble sugar,sucrose,starch and zinc in waxy corn grains were the highest in the treatment of zinc and nitrogen interaction N2Zn3(nitrogen fertilizer 240 kg·hm^(-2),zinc fertilizer 9 kg·hm^(-2)),compared with the control,they were significantly increased by 67.58%,317.81%,78.28%,12.42%and 55.65%,respectively.Under the interaction of zinc and nitrogen,the fat content of waxy corn grains was not obvious.The treatment with N1Zn0(nitrogen fertilizer 180 kg·hm^(-2),zinc fertilizer 0 kg·hm^(-2))was the highest,which was significantly increased by 31.35%compared with the control.The interaction of zinc and nitrogen significantly increased the zinc content of waxy corn kernels,reaching 40.12 mg·kg-1 at N2Zn3(nitrogen fertilizer 240 kg·hm^(-2),zinc fertilizer 9 kg·hm^(-2)),reaching the target value of zinc fortifi-cation in corn grains.There were significant differences in the effects of single application of nitrogen fertilizer,single application of zinc fertilizer and interaction on grain zinc content.The contribution of each factor to the total variation was shown as zinc fertilizer>zinc nitrogen interaction>nitrogen fertilizer.It was recommended that the nutritional quality and zinc content should be considered,and 240 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen fertilizer and 9 kg·hm^(-2) zinc fertilizer should be combined.