铜电解沉积过程中添加剂的影响研究现状及展望

Current situation and prospect of additives in copper electrolysis deposition process

铜电解沉积过程中添加剂的种类及含量决定着阴极铜的品质。为获得结晶致密、表面光滑、杂质含量低及化学成分合格的阴极铜,通常会在电解过程中加入适量的添加剂改善阴极铜品质。综述了铜电解精炼、电积铜和电解铜箔等的过程中添加剂种类对阴极铜质量的影响。在铜电解精炼过程中,通过添加剂改变阴极极化程度能有效改善阴极铜质量,常见添加剂有明胶、硫脲和氯离子;电积铜过程,在电解液中加入古尔胶和硫脲可提高阴极铜的质量,添加硫酸钴可达到降低阳极析氧电位和提高腐蚀性的效果;电解铜箔过程中,添加聚乙二醇、胶和聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠能达到细化阴极铜晶粒的目的。在此基础上,针对目前添加剂在铜沉积过程中存在的问题及未来研究发展趋势进行了展望。

The type and content of additives in the process of copper electrolysis deposition determine the quality of cathode copper.In order to obtain the cathode copper with dense crystals,smooth surface,low impurity content and qualified chemical composition,an appropriate amount of additives is usually added to improve the quality of cathode copper during the electrolysis process.The influence of the types of additives on the quality of cathode copper in the processes of copper electrolytic refining,copper electrowinning and electrolytic copper foil are reviewed.It was found that the quality of cathode copper can be effectively improved by changing the degree of cathode polarization through additives in the process of copper electrolytic refining,Common additives include gelatin,thiourea and chloride ions;In the electrowinning copper process,guer gum and thiourea are added to the electrolyte to improve the quality of the cathode copper,and cobalt sulfate is added to reduce the anode oxygen evolution potential and improve the corrosive effect.During the electrolytic copper foil process,polyethylene glycol,glue and sodium polydisulfide dipropane sulfonate are added to achieve the purpose of refining cathode copper crystal grains.On this basis,the current problems of additives in the copper deposition process and future research development trends are prospected.