失能对老年人主观福利的影响研究

The Effect of Disability on the Subjective Wellbeing of the Elderly

在实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略背景下,研究失能对主观福利的影响、评估失能的福利损失对积极应对人口老龄化和实现健康老龄化有重要的理论和现实意义。文章以生活满意度和抑郁指数作为主观福利的衡量指标,基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2013年和2015年的面板数据,定量分析了失能对老年人主观福利的影响。结果表明,失能老年人和健全老年人的主观福利存在显著差别,失能解释抑郁指数差异的相对贡献率高达31.87%,失能解释生活满意度差异的相对贡献率为10.05%;基于双重差分的估计结果表明,失能对老年人的主观福利存在显著负面影响,具体而言,失能使得老年人抑郁指数增加17.3%~18.0%,生活满意度下降2.2%~2.6%,并且这一负面影响对农村、女性、65岁以上、独居和患有慢性疾病老年人的影响更大。此外,康复对失能老年人的主观福利存在显著的正面影响。文章结论的政策含义是应加强失能预防、失能康复以及重点关注农村、女性、65岁以上、独居和患有慢性疾病的老年人。

Under the background of implementing the healthy China strategy in the new era,studying the impact of disability on subjective wellbeing and assessing the wellbeing loss of disability have important theoretical and practical significance for actively responding to population aging and achieving healthy aging.This paper takes life satisfaction and depression index as the measure of subjective wellbeing and based on the panel data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2013 and 2015,quantitatively analyzes the impact of disability on the subjective wellbeing of the elderly.The results showed that there were significant differences in subjective wellbeing between the disability and healthy elderly.The contribution rate of disability explained depression index was as high as 31.87%,and the contribution rate of disability explained life satisfaction was 10.05%.The results of Difference-in-Difference show that disability has a significant negative impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly.Specifically,disability increases the depression index of the elderly by 17.3%to 18.0%,and the life satisfaction decreases by 2.2%to 2.6%,and this negative effect is greater in rural,female,over 65 years old,living alone and chronically ill older people.In addition,rehabilitation has a significant positive impact on the subjective wellbeing of the elderly.The policy implications of the conclusions of this paper are to strengthen disability prevention,strengthen disability rehabilitation,and focus on rural,female,over 65 years old,living alone and chronically ill.