居住环境满意度对流动人口定居意愿的影响

The Influence of Living Environment Satisfaction on Migrants’Settlement Intention

基于全国40个主要城市的问卷调研数据,采用双层级Logistic模型,从居住环境主观感知的角度解释流动人口定居意愿的差异,重点回答以学历划分的流动人口内部异质性,以及定居意愿如何因城市等级而异。结果显示:大学大专及以上学历群体的定居意愿与城市等级呈“U”型结构关系,高中学历群体定居意愿表现出一线城市独高的特征;不同学历水平的流动人口在定居决策中最关心的居住环境维度不同,高学历更看重自然环境、人文环境舒适度,低学历最重视设施便利性;居住环境满意度对定居意愿的影响因城市等级而异,一线城市流动人口在定居决策中看重的居住环境维度最广泛,三四线城市的便利性和人文环境满意度与定居意愿最相关。结论启示:推进中小城市的人口城镇化,需要提升服务设施的门类与服务水平,从而提升整体居住环境品质,引导人口向中小城市流动,实现城镇化均衡化发展;高学历群体定居意愿对城市居住环境品质更加敏感,地方政府应当致力于提升自身居住环境质量,采取更可持续的方式吸引并留住高级人才。

Based on the questionnaire survey data of 40 major cities in China,this paper analyzes the differences of migrants’settlement intention from the perspective of subjective perception of living environment.Specially,we focus on the internal heterogeneity of migrants divided by education background,as well as the differences of settlement intention between cities with different hierarchy.The results show that:First,the correlation between city hierarchy and settlement intention of migrants with college degree and above is in a u-shaped structure,while the settlement intention of migrants with high school education is significantly higher in first-tier cities than other cities.Second,the living environment dimension that migrants concern about mostly are different between groups with different education level.Migrants with graduate degree pay more attention to natural environment amenity and human environment amenity.Migrants with college degree value facility convenience,safety,human environment amenity and environmental health more.Migrants with high school education and below attach great importance to facilities convenience.Third,the influence of living environment satisfaction on settled intention varies among cities with different hierarchy.Migrants living in the first-tire cities value living environment dimensions of the most widely.Migrants living in the quasi-first-tier cities only care for safety,facility convenience and human environment amenity.Those living in the second-tier cities pay more attention to facility convenience.Facility convenience and human environment amenity are related with settlement intention in the third-and forth-tire cities.The conclusions suggests that small and medium cities can improve the quality of living environment by improving the service quality of public facilities,and attract the population flow to small and medium cities.Local governments should focus on improving the quality of living environment in a sustainable way to attract and retain talent.