南方坡耕地水土保持措施分类及效应评价最小数据集

Minimal Date Set of Effect Evalutaion and Measure Classiflcation of Soil and Water Conservation on Slope Farmland in South of China

坡耕地是我国南方重要的耕地资源类型,也是区域水土流失和面源污染的源地,坡耕地水土流失监测是措施合理布局和效益评估的基础工作。分析了南方坡耕地数量及坡度分布特征,提出了南方坡耕地水土保持农业技术措施、工程措施和林草措施分类体系;在坡耕地降雨、径流、泥沙监测指标的基础上,建立了坡耕地水土保持效应评价最小数据集,指出田块坡度、径流系数、土壤侵蚀量、土壤有机质、土壤质地是水土保持效应评价的关键指标,可为坡耕地水土流失治理标准的拟定提供量化参数。

Slope farmland is an important type of cultivated land resources in south China and is also the source of regional soil erosion and non-point source pollution.The soil and water loss monitoring of sloping farmland is the basic work of reasonable layout and benefit evaluations of soil and water conservation measures.The paper analyzed the quantity and slope distribution characteristics of slope farmland in south China,put forward the classification system of agricultural technical measures,engineering measures and forest and grass measures for soil and water conservation of slope farmland in south China.Based on the monitoring indicators of rainfall,runoff and sediment in sloping farmland,it established the minimal data set for the evaluation of soil and water conservation effect of slope farmland and pointed out that field slope,runoff coefficient,soil erosion modulus,soil organic matter and soil texture were the key indexes for the evaluation of the effect of soil and water conservation,which could provide quantitative parameter support for the formulation of soil and water loss control standard for slope farmland.