美国职业生涯教育的发展历程与启示

The Development Process and Enlightenment of American Career Development Education

职业生涯教育源于美国,历经了关注静态的入职匹配阶段、关注动态的个人发展阶段以及关注多样化的理论发展阶段,具有全程性、全员性、实践性、系统性等特点。发展至今,在理论层面,美国职业生涯教育愈发注重个体生涯的独特性、适应性、不确定性和主动创造性;在实践层面,职业生涯教育在政府支持下,与学校教育相结合,积极扩大其受众面。未来,职业生涯教育将以个体发展和终身发展为核心,与学校教育深度融合,日益呈现信息化、全球化与本土化相结合的趋势。

Career development education originated in the United States,and has gone through three stages dominated by career guidance,career counseling and career development education.It has the characteristics of whole process,full staff,practicality and systematically.Since its development,it has paid more and more attention to the uniqueness,adaptability,uncertainty and initiative creativity of individual career in the theoretical level;In practice,with the support of the government,career development education is combined with school education to actively expand its audience.In the future,career development education will take individual development and lifelong development as the core,deeply integrate with school education,and increasingly show the trend of combining informatization,globalization and localization.