生态水利学初探

Preliminary Study on Ecological Water Conservancy

为了适应国家生态文明建设战略需要,必须与时俱进地将传统水利转变为生态水利,以满足和支撑生态保护与高质量发展目标要求。分析了1949年以来我国水利发展经历的工程水利、环境水利、资源水利和生态水利4个阶段,生态水利发展经历的生态工程、生态水利工程、生态水利3个阶段,论述了生态水利与生态水利学的关系,阐明了构建生态水利学的目的和意义,结合国内外相关研究成果和生态水利的概念,初步探讨了生态水利学的定义、内涵、特征、研究对象、基本原理与方法、研究任务与内容等,并构建了生态水利学体系框架。研究表明:生态水利学是一门多学科交叉的新型课程,其横跨自然科学、工程技术科学以及人文与社会科学三大领域;生态水利学的研究对象是,水循环-社会经济-生态环境-水利工程组成的复合系统,可从流域整体性、生态环境保护、水利工程全生命周期、人与自然和谐和可持续发展等原理出发,采用现场观测和遥感观测、原型试验、物理试验、统计分析、数值模拟、系统分析等方法开展生态水利学研究。

In order to meet the strategic needs of national ecological civilization building,it is necessary to advance with the times to transform traditional water conservancy into ecological water conservancy to meet and support the target requirements of ecological protection and high-quality development.This paper analyzed the four stages of engineering water conservancy,environmental water conservancy,resources water conservancy and ecological water conservancy experienced in China’s water conservancy development since 1949 and the three stages of ecological engineering,ecological water conservancy engineering,and ecological water conservancy experienced in the eco-hydraulics development,discussed the relationship between eco-hydraulics and ecological water conservancy,and expounded the purpose and significance of constructing ecological water conservancy.Combined with the relevant researches at home and abroad and the concept of ecological water conservancy,this paper preliminarily discussed the definition,connotation,characteristics,research objects,basic principles and methods,research tasks and contents of ecological water conservancy,and built the system framework of ecological water conservancy.The results indicate that the ecological water conservancy is a new interdisciplinary course,which spans the three fields of natural science,engineering technology science,and humanities and social science;the research object of ecological water conservancy is the composite system composed of water cycle,social economy,ecological environment,and hydraulic engineering.Based on the principles of watershed integrity,ecological environment protection,the whole life cycle of hydraulic engineering,the harmony between man and nature,and sustainable development,ecological water conservancy research can be carried out by the means of field observation and remote sensing observation,prototype test,physical test,statistical analysis,numerical simulation and system analysis.