罗布泊及周边地区植物区系和植被特征兼论植被的恢复与保护

Flora Analysis and Vegetation Characteristics of Luobupo and Its Surrounding Regions as well as Discussion on Vegetation Restoration and Conservation

在对罗布泊及周边地区植物和植被资源广泛调查的基础上,分析了该区植物的区系成分,阐述了该区的植被类型及其物种组成、结构,计算了主要群落的物种丰富度及多样性,研究了该区主要植被类型的演替规律。结果显示:罗布泊及其周边地区共有种子植物27科53属74种,其中包括栽培植物2种,省级保护植物7种,生活型以草本植物占绝对优势,木本植物以灌木为主,乔木树种极少。该区藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和禾本科(Poaceae)种类最多,单种科和单种属占较大的比例。该区区系成分分布最多的为世界广布类型,其次为北温带分布类型和地中海区、西亚至中亚地区分布类型。该区主要群落类型有胡杨林群落、多枝柽柳灌丛、芦苇群落、花花柴群落、黑果枸杞群落、铃铛刺灌丛群落、骆驼刺群落、沙拐枣群落等,这些群落物种丰富度和多样性指数偏低、结构简单、物种组成单一,符合典型荒漠生态系统的特点。通过对胡杨更新表和群落的结构分析,部分胡杨林群落处于退化阶段、部分胡杨林更新正常,群落退化的原因就是由于水资源的极度匮乏,提出了该区的植被保护与恢复的建议:进一步规划好当地水资源的利用。

On basis of wide investigation on plant and vegetation resources of Luobupo and its surrounding regions,their flora elements were analyzed and their vegetation types including species composition and structure were described.On basis of these,their species richness and diversity were calculated.Suggestions on restoration and protection of plants resources were provided after studying succession trends of the dominant vegetation in Luobupo and its surrounding regions.Results showed that there were 74 species,53 genera and 27 families of seed plants,including 2 cultivated species and 7 protected species listed by the government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region.Herbs are the dominant growth forms,followed by wooden plants in which shrubs are abundant and trees are rare.This region has the most abundant species of Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae as well as more mono-species families or genera.Cosmopolitan genus is the dominant distribution types,followed by Northern Temperate and Mediterranean&Western Asia to Central Asia types.The dominant vegetation types are Populus euphratica biomes,Tamarix ramosissima biomes,Phragmites australis biomes,Karelinia caspia biomes,Lycium ruthenicumbiomes,Halimodendron halodendron biomes,Alhagi sparsifolia biomes and Typha angustifolia biomes with lower species richness and diversity and simple structure,corresponding to desert vegetation diversity characteristics.Some Populus euphratica forests are being in degradation stage owing to water shortage in soil.Therefore,local water resource utility planning should be conducted carefully for future reasonable availability.