基于扎根理论的零工参与动机演化机制研究——以平台司机为例

Research on the Evolution Mechanism of Gig Job Participation Motivation Based on Grounded Theory:Take the Platform Driver as An Example

零工经济模式下平台型企业出现了迅猛发展,但是通过分析平台工作者持续参与行为的动机从而提出有针对性的引导策略是目前研究中缺乏深入探讨的议题。本文以419个滴滴司机作为样本,采用扎根理论的编码原则运用NVivo 11 Plus软件对参与平台劳动的滴滴司机进行访谈,总结出了平台司机的参与动机演化机制。基于自我决定理论的观点,我们发现:平台司机个体心理感知的满足程度是促进外部动机向内部动机转化的关键;经济效益对平台司机参与行为的影响最大,自主感知在动机转化过程中起关键作用;经济效益对兼职司机参与行为的影响更大,专职司机的内部动机低于兼职司机,自主感知在专职司机动机内化过程中所起的促进作用更大。本研究扩展了自我决定理论在零工经济模式下对动机演化机制的解释,研究结论为零工工人的激励提供了新的理解。

Under the model of the gig economy,the platform enterprises have appeared barbaric growth.How to propose targeted guidance strategies by analyzing the incentives of the platform employees to continue to participate and improve their work enthusiasm,is a lack of in-depth discussion in the current research.Taking 419 DiDi drivers as samples,this paper uses the coding principle of grounded theory and NVivo 11 plus software to interview DiDi drivers participating in platform labor,and summarizes the evolution mechanism of platform drivers’participation motivation.Based on the self-determination theory,three conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the satisfaction of individual psychological perception of platform drivers is the key to promote the transformation from external motivation to internal motivation.Secondly,economic benefits have the greatest impact on platform drivers’participation behavior,and autonomous perception plays a key role in the process of motivation transformation.Thirdly,economic benefits have a greater impact on the participation behavior of part-time drivers,the internal motivation of full-time drivers is lower than that of part-time drivers,and autonomous perception plays a greater role in the internalization of full-time drivers’motivation.This study expands the explanation of motivation evolution mechanism of self-determination theory under the gig economy,and the research conclusion provides a new understanding for the incentive of gig workers.