春小麦耗水特征对播种方式及播种量的响应

Planting Pattern and Seeding Rate Combine to Affect Water Consumption of Spring Wheat

【目的】探究不同播种方式和播种量对春小麦耗水特征及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验,主区为播种方式:设宽幅匀播和传统条播2种模式;副区为不同播种量:设D1:390 kg/hm^(2)、D2:420 kg/hm^(2)、D3:450 kg/hm^(2)、D4:480 kg/hm^(2)和D5:510 kg/hm^(2)共计5个水平,研究了不同播种方式和播种量下的春小麦耗水量、产量和水分利用效率。【结果】播种量是春小麦各阶段耗水量的主要影响因子,播种方式与播种量对春小麦拔节—乳熟、乳熟—完熟阶段的耗水量具有显著交互作用。宽幅匀播春小麦耗水量在D4处理时达到最大值,而传统条播春小麦耗水量最大值出现在D3处理;宽幅匀播D2、D4、D5处理较传统条播春小麦籽粒产量分别增加5.3%、21.0%和28.3%;宽幅匀播D4处理产量最高,较传统条播最高产量D3处理增加8.8%;播种量每增加30 kg/hm^(2),宽幅匀播春小麦的平均增产率为8.4%,较传统条播增大133.2%;宽幅匀播D4处理可使春小麦获得最大水分利用效率,较传统条播最大水分利用效率的D3处理提高6.6%。【结论】播种量是春小麦各阶段耗水量及全生育期总耗水量的主要影响因子,宽幅匀播可在耗水不增加的情况下提高春小麦增密的产量效益,从而提高水分利用效率;宽幅匀播结合播种量480 kg/hm^(2)可作为试验区春小麦高产和水分高效利用的参考播种方式和播种量。

【Objective】Water consumption by crops depends on many abiotic and biotic factors.The purpose of this paper is to investigate how planting pattern and seeding rate affect water uptake by crops and its consequence for water use efficiency.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with spring wheat used as the model plant.It consisted two planting patterns:Traditional strip planting,and widen strip planting.For each planting pattern,there are five seeding rates:390 kg/hm^(2)(D1),420 kg/hm^(2)(D2),450 kg/hm^(2)(D3),480 kg/hm^(2)(D4)and 510 kg/hm^(2)(D5).During the experiment,we measured and calculated water consumption,grain yield and water use efficiency of the wheat.【Result】S eeding rate affected water consumption the most in all growing stages.In the jointing-milk ripe stage and milk ripe-complete ripeness stage,the planting pattern and seeding rate combined to affect water consumption at significant level.When drilling the seeds in the widen strip,water consumption of the wheat increased with seeding rate peaking in D4 treatment,while when sowing the seeds in traditional strip,water consumption of the wheat maximized in D3 treatment.Widening the sowing strip increased the wheat yield of D2,D4 and D5 by 5.3%,21.0%and 28.3%,respectively,compared their associated seeding rate in traditional planting pattern.The highest grain yield was D4 drilled in the widen planting pattern,increasing by 8.8%compared with D3 planted in traditional strip.On average,increasing seed rate by each 30 kg/hm^(2) in the widen strip planting pattern led to a 8.4%increase in grain yield,equivalent to 133.2%of the yield of traditional planting strip.The maximal water use efficiency(WUE)was in D4 sowed in the widen strip,which was 6.6%higher than the maximal WUE achieved in D3 planted in traditional strip.【Conclusion】Seeding rate was the factor affecting water consumption of spring wheat the most;widening sowing strip combined with increasing seeding rate can improve grain yield and WUE of the wheat.In our experiment,widening the sowing strip combined with 480 kg/hm^(2) of seeding rate were most effective in simultaneously improving wheat yield and water use efficiency.