马蓝生产概况、形态特征观测及生化成分评价

Production Overview,Morphological Observation and Biochemical Composition Evaluation of Strobilanthes cusia

研究马蓝在主产区的分布、种植面积、栽培方式、形态特征差异、成分含量等。采用实地调研、走访、咨询同行、测试分析、查阅文献等方法,总结概述当前中国马蓝及其炮制品生产概况。结果显示:当前中国马蓝栽培面积主要集中在贵州、云南、福建、四川、广东等省区,其他省份面积栽培较少,其中以贵州的栽培面积最大。贵州多采用大田栽培,云南、四川大田和林下栽培均有,福建、广东多为果园套种。云南栽培的马蓝植株直立、粗壮、叶片大,福建的植株呈匍匐状、茎枝较细、叶小,贵州植株介于以上两者之间。贵州、云南、四川栽培的马蓝作为南板蓝根用或加工为青黛,福建以加工青黛为主,广东则以南板蓝根为主。12月马蓝鲜叶中的靛蓝、靛玉红和吲哚苷测定结果表明:云南样品中的靛蓝和吲哚苷含量最高,贵州样品最低,在3个主产区均未检测到靛玉红。本研究结果为马蓝规范化栽培、推广及产业发展等提供参考。

The distribution and planting area of and cultivation methods for Strobilanthes cusia were reviewed to give a good picture of the current general production situation of S.cusia in the main producing areas by literature review,and morphological characteristics and chemical component contents of S.cusia in the main producing areas were determined.S.cusia is mainly cultivated in the provinces of Guizhou,Yunnan,Fujian,Sichuan and Guangdong and less in other provinces.Guizhou has the largest cultivation area under S.cusia.S.cusia is used mostly for monoculture in Guizhou,for both monoculture and intercropping under forest plantations in Yunnan and Sichuan,and mostly for intercropping under forest plantations in Fujian and Guangdong.S.cusia plants grow upright with larger leaves and thicker stems in Yunnan,but creep with smaller leaves and thin stems in Fujian.The plants growing in Guizhou are basically between those in Yunnan and Fujian.The plants cultivated in Guizhou,Yunnan and Sichuan are harvested to produce S.cusia Rhizome et Radix or Indigo Naturalis,while they are mostly used to produce Indigo Naturalis in Fujian and S.cusia Rhizome et Radix in Guangdong.The analysis of indigo,indican and indirubin in the fresh leaves in November showed that the contents of indigo and indican of the leaf samples were the highest in Yunnan,and the lowest in Guizhou.Indirubin is not detected in the leaf samples in the three main producing areas.These results might provide reference for standardized cultivation,promotion and industrial development of S.cusia.