汉语水平考试(HSK)对国际汉语教学的反拨效应研究

A Research of HSK Test’s Washback Effect on Teaching Chinese as a Second Language

为了探究汉语水平考试(HSK)对汉语教学的反拨效应,对国内高校的112名汉语教师进行了问卷调查,并辅以课堂观察和个人访谈。结果表明,HSK对汉语教学产生了一定的反拨效应,且积极效应大于消极效应,但总体上尚未大规模地产生较强的影响,教师对考试的认识是影响反拨效应强度的主要因素。据此提出了相应的教学建议,如教师需明确HSK的测试标准、适当拓展教学内容、采取多样的教学方法、制定灵活的评价标准等。

In order to explore the washback effect of HSK on teaching Chinese as a second language,we conducts a questionnaire on 112 Chinese teachers at domestic universities,supplemented by classroom-observation and interviews. The results show that HSK has a certain degree of washback effect on Chinese teaching,and the positive effect is greater than the negative one. However,it is not HSK but teachers’ perception on the examination that serves as the main factor that affects the strength of washback effect. Accordingly,this paper puts forward some teaching suggestions. For example,teachers need to clarify the HSK test standards,expand the teaching content,adopt a variety of teaching methods,and develop flexible evaluation standards.