“元修三史”正统论和夷夏观问题探析

On the Orthodoxy of Histories of Song,Jin and Liao Compiled by the Yuan Dynasty and the Concepts of Yi and Xia

“元修三史”修史前后,对宋、金、辽三个并立时间较长的朝代的正统性如何处理,由于涉及正统性、夷夏观等等在内的重要问题,争论较大。最终,元廷采取了“各与正统”的立场,在正史中平等给予历史上并存的各个政权以正统地位,具有标志性意义。这体现中国传统文化演变中既坚持原则性又能与时俱进,但总体上归因于中国传统文化的和平主义底色。“元修三史”论赞对君臣大义的坚守,亦超越了族群畛域之见。

Before and after the compilation of Histories of Song,Jin and Liao,the Yuan Imperial Court had large controversy about how to deal with the three dynasties that coexisted as it involves such questions as which dynasty is of orthodoxy and the concepts of Yi and Xia.Eventually,the Yuan Court took a position that those three dynasties were all orthodox and recognized in the official history that the three coexisting dynasties had played an equal role,which marks a landmark significance.The Yuan Court's position is an embodiment of Chinese traditional culture that not only adheres to principles but also keeps pace with the times in its evolution,which attributes to its pacifism background.The Yuan Court's praises of the righteousness between emperors and subjects are also beyond the ethnic boundaries.