小麦赤霉病新抗源的发掘与抗性位点的检测分析

Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of New Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Fusarium Head Blight

小麦赤霉病是由禾谷镰刀菌引起的世界性重要病害,发掘优异的抗性种质资源、培育抗病品种是持续防治赤霉病最经济且环境友好的措施。为发掘新的赤霉病抗源,本研究于2017-2021年在弥雾保湿大棚中,采用单花滴注法对642份小麦种质资源的赤霉病抗扩展性进行鉴定,同时利用已知抗赤霉病基因/位点Fhb1~Fhb7的分子标记对筛选出的抗性种质基因型进行分析。结果表明,不同年份间赤霉病病小穗率的相关性均达到极显著水平。筛选到3年及以上赤霉病抗性优于扬麦158的种质81份,主要来自长江中下游麦区,其中33份种质连续4年抗性优于扬麦158;筛选到3年及以上抗性与苏麦3号相当的种质9份,分别为望水白、Grandin、浩麦1号、剑子麦、魁小麦、农林26、软秆洋麦、苏麦2号和武农6号,其中剑子麦、软秆洋麦、苏麦2号和Grandin连续4年抗性与苏麦3号相当。对抗性种质携带的抗赤霉病基因/位点进行分析发现,浩麦1号、冀师7225-28、南农13Y110、石优17和武农6号不携带任何已知抗赤霉病基因/QTL,为小麦抗赤霉病研究和品种培育提供了新的种质资源和理论依据。

Fusarium head blight(FHB)caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production and food security worldwide.The identification of resistant germplasm and breeding cultivars of high resistant FHB are cost‐effective and environment‐friendly approachs for controlling FHB.In order to explore the new resistant germplasm,642 wheat lines were evaluated with single floret inoculation method to identify their typeⅡresistance to FHB in the greenhouse from 2017 to 2021,and molecular markers linked to known FHB resistance genes of wheat were used for genotyping.The results showed that the percentage of symptomatic spikelets per spike of wheat lines were significant correlations among four years.A total of 81 lines,mainly from the Middle and Lower Valleys of the Yangtze River,showed better resistance to FHB than Yangmai 158 in at least three years,of which 33 lines were more resistant than Yangmai 158 in four years.Nine lines including Wangshuibai,Grandin,Haomai 1,Jianzimai,Kuixiaomai,Norin 26,Ruanganyangmai,Sumai 2,and Wunong 6 showed comparable resistance with Sumai 3 in at least three years,of which Jianzimai,Ruanganyangmai,Sumai 2 and Grandin showed high resistance in four years.Genotyping showed that Haomai 1,Jishi 7225‐28,NAU13Y110,Shiyou 17,and Wunong 6 carried none of the known gene/QTL to FHB,which provided theoretical basis and germplasm resources for breeding wheat new varieties of resistance to Fusarium head blight.