胶质细胞源性神经营养因子在脊髓损伤中的相关作用研究

The research of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤(Spinal cord injury,SCI)包括原发性和继发性损伤,致使神经元损伤死亡、轴突断裂及脊髓内环境恶化等多种病理改变,这使得神经元存活修复和轴突再生难度增大。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(Glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)是转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)超家族的远亲成员之一,为神经系统早期发育不可缺少的物质,能够促进多种神经元的生长发育及损伤修复。在SCI中GDNF能够与GFRα1、RET等受体结合,促进损伤神经元存活、轴突的再生延长、髓鞘形成及损伤血脊髓屏障(Blood-spinal cord barrier,BSCB)的修复,抑制小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的活化,抑制促炎物质释放,改善损伤脊髓内环境,促进脊髓修复。本综述对GDNF在SCI治疗中的相关作用进行回顾。

Spinal cord injury(SCI)includes the primary injury and the secondary injury,which causes much pathologi⁃cal change such as neurons death,axon breakage and the deteriorative environment of spinal cord.The pathological change would make it more difficult for the survival and repair of neurons and axon regeneration.Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)is one of the distant members of the transforming growth factor(TGF)⁃βsuperfamily.It is a necessary nutritional factor for the early development of the nervous system,it could promote the survival,growth,devel⁃opment and injury repair of multiple nerve cells.In spinal cord injury(SCI),GDNF can bind to GFRα1,RET and oth⁃er receptors to promote the survival of injured neurons,axon regeneration,remyelination,repair the injured blood spinal cord barrier(BSCB),inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes,and the release of pro-inflammatory substances,improve the internal environment of injured spinal cord and promote the restoration of SCI.This review will focus on the function of GDNF on the treatment of SCI.