《黑格尔法哲学批判》和马克思对黑格尔哲学的逻辑批判

Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right and Marx’s Critique of Logical on Philosophy of Hegel

在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,马克思开始了对黑格尔哲学的直接批判。在写作过程中,马克思两次放弃了原定的计划。第一次,是马克思认识到,将哲学—逻辑学批判(针对思辨的批判)和经济学、政治学(针对各种不同材料本身的批判)混在一起,既无法完成对黑格尔的哲学—逻辑学批判,也无法完成对黑格尔法学和国家学说的批判。第二次,是在《手稿》中,当马克思彻底揭示了黑格尔哲学中"虚假的实证主义"的逻辑错乱,从而完成了对黑格尔的哲学—逻辑学批判之后,马克思发现在哲学—逻辑学的范畴中并不能实现批判黑格尔法哲学的预期目的,所以果断放弃了原定计划,明确地转向了政治经济学研究。因此,马克思在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中对黑格尔的法学和国家学说进行了怎样的哲学—逻辑学批判,就是理解这部早期著作的关键所在,也是马克思的思想发生转折的起点所在。

In Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Marx began to criticize the philosophy of Hegel directly. But, in the process of writing, Marx gave up his original plan twice. The first time, Marx realized that it was impossible to complete the logic-philosophy critique of Hegel’s philosophy and theory on law and state by mixing the critique of logic-philosophy(which criticized speculation) with economics and politics(which criticized different materials themselves). The second time, in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, when Marx thoroughly revealed the logic disorder of "false positivism" in the philosophy of Hegel, and thus completed the logic-philosophy critique, he found that the expected purpose of critique of Hegel’s philosophy could not be realized in the category of logic-philosophy, so he decisively gave up the original plan and changed his mind clearly to the study of economics and philosophy. Therefore, what kind of logic-philosophy critique Marx had made in Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right must be the key point to understand this early work, and also be the starting point of the practical turning in Marx’s thought.