词语创制的字形理据与时代理据——以“元典、原典”为例

The Characteristics of Form and Time Evidence for Creation New Words——Taking“Yuan Dian”as an Exampl

明清时期,文献中表示"原初的"意义的"元"被改作了"原"。明顾炎武《日知录》、清郝懿行《晋宋书故》推测了相关的社会原因。现代研究中,裘锡圭《文字学概要》指出两字形有假借关系,且"原"字一借不归,彻底代替了"元"。考察发现,现代汉语里,以"原初的"之义造词的只有"原",它成了新本形和"属性素"。回答学界宜用"元典"还是"原典"作"原著经典"的专称问题,我们认为,"原典"是优选,因为它兼有字形理据与时代理据,可以得到词素所在造词序列的支持。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties,the meaning of"Yuan1(元)"in the literature was changed to"Yuan2(原)".Gu Yanwu’s Ri Zhi Lu and Hao Yixing’s Jin Song Shu Gu speculate its social causes.In modern research,Qiu Xigui’s Wen Zi Xue Gai Yao points out that they are in phonetic loading relations,and"Yuan2(原)"completely replaced the"Yuan1(元)".It is found that in modern Chinese,the only morpheme that means"original"is"Yuan2(原)",which becomes attribute morpheme and new primitive.At present,to solve the problem that which phrase"Yuan1 Dian(元典)"or"Yuan2 Dian(原典)"people should use as the special name for"original works and classics",in our opinion,"Yuan2 Dian(原典)"is the best choice,because it has the basis of the glyph and the era,and can be supported by the system of words that use it as a morpheme.