民法典背景下遗嘱信托受益人的监督权

Supervision Rights of the Beneficiary of Testamentary Trust under the Background of Chinese Civil Code

民法典对遗嘱信托的规定,仅具有宣示意义,无法解决现行法下信托受益人监督权规范内容与其法律地位和制度功能不符的问题。遗嘱信托制度是跨越物权、继承、信托等多个民事法律部门的综合性法律制度,应当在尊重民法权利体系现有结构和受益人监督权特殊性的基础上,将受益人权利纳入民法权利体系。从国内外信托立法经验和实践看,受益人监督权应当是以信托强制实施请求权、知情权、干预权、撤销权、任命权等具体权利共同组成并有机统一的权利集合。

The provisions of civil code on testamentary trusts are only declarative. The current laws’ provisions on the supervision power of trust beneficiaries are inconsistent with its legal status and function in testamentary trusts. As a comprehensive legal system that spans inheritance law, trust law and property law, the supervisory rights of the beneficiary of a testamentary trust should be integrated into the civil law rights system as a subordinate right, which is specifically manifested as the right to enforce the request, the right to know, and the right to intervene with the trust. The right of revocation, appointment and other major rights and other supervisory rights derived from the rights of the beneficiary constitute a collection of rights.