数字资本运作逻辑下的数据权利保护

Protection of Data Rights under the Logic of Digital Capital Operation

数据权利保护个人控制模式从个人对数据的自决权出发来构建数据权利保护体系,并赋予数据权人知情权、要求更正权、要求删除权和限制处理权等具体权利。数据权利保护社会控制模式倾向于从数据对共同体的价值和特定群体良好的数据秩序出发,建构一套以保护共同体"文明规则"为核心的数据保护制度。个人控制模式与社会控制模式存在诸多分歧,但都在一定程上忽视了数字资本运作的基本逻辑。数字资本运作的基本逻辑带来了数字身份、数字劳动和数字消费三重异化,并直接影响到数据权利人的身份权、劳动权和消费权益。数据权利保护的要旨并不是要让数据永远停留在个人层面,而是要在保护数据权人的前提下去促进数据的流通与增值,从而防止数据资本的异化。

The individual control model of data rights protection constructs a data rights protection system based on the individual’s right to self-determination over data,and grants data rights holders specific rights such as the right to know,the right to request correction,the right to request deletion and the right to restrict processing.Starting from the value of data to the community and the good data order of specific groups,the social control model of data rights protection tends to construct a set of data protection system with the protection of community"rules of civilization"as the core.There are many differences between the individual control model and the social control model.However,they ignore,to some extent,the basic logic of how digital capital works.The basic logic of the operation of digital capital brings about a triple alienation of digital identity,digital labour and digital consumption,which directly affects the identity,labour and consumption rights of data rights holders.The key point of data rights protection is not to keep data at the level of individuals forever,but to promote the circulation and value-added of data on the premise of protecting data rights holders,thus preventing the alienation of data capital.