孕期如何进行体育锻炼?--基于发达国家及组织孕期身体活动指南的启示

How DoWomen Exercise During Pregnancy?:Enlightenment from the Guidelines for Physical Activity During Pregnancy in Developed Countries and Organizations

孕期体育锻炼不仅有助于改善孕妇的健康状况,也有助于促进其胎儿的健康成长。世界各国纷纷颁布了一系列孕妇身体活动指南,而我国缺乏对孕期体育锻炼的系统研究,也无专门针对孕妇身体活动的指南。为此,系统梳理近年来发达国家及组织颁布的孕期身体活动指南,发现美国妇产科医师学会、美国卫生与公众服务部、加拿大、英国、国际奥林匹克委员会等国家和组织均对孕妇体育锻炼提出详细建议,明确孕期体育锻炼的禁忌证及风险,阐释孕期体育锻炼的频率、持续时间、强度及类型,强调体育锻炼的预防与保护措施。基于国外经验,得出以下启示:良好的锻炼意识是孕妇体育锻炼的前提,系统的医学检查是孕妇体育锻炼的基础,科学的锻炼方法是孕妇体育锻炼的关键,安全的预防和保护措施是孕妇体育锻炼的保障。

Physical activity during pregnancy helps not only improve women's health,but also promote the growth of their fetuses.While all the other countries issued a series of physical activity guidelines during pregnancy,China lacks the relevant research,without physical activity guidelines for pregnant women as well.The guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy issued by developed countries and social organizations in recent years hence are sorted out,trying to provide scientific guidance for pregnant women in China.It is found that the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology(ACOG),the United States Department of Health(USDHHS),Canada,the United Kingdom,and the International Olympic Committee(IOC)have all put forward detailed recommendations on physical activity for pregnant women,which included the contraindications and risks of physical exercise,its frequency,duration,exercise intensity and types,and the emphasis on the prevention and protection measures of physical exercise.The conclusions are therefore drawn as follows:good exercise awareness is the prerequisite for pregnant women to exercise during pregnancy,systematic medical examination the basis,scientific exercise method the key and safe prevention and protection measures the guarantee.