祁连山国家级自然保护区土地利用时空变化及与气候因子关系研究

Study On Temporal and Spatial Change of Land Use and Its Relationship with Climate Factors in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve

土地利用类型变化是植被变化最直接的表现形式。祁连山是我国西部地区重要的水源涵养区,生态环境比较脆弱,研究区域内土地利用时空变化对区域生态环境保护具有重要意义。本文基于2000—2018年土地利用类型数据,分析祁连山土地利用时空变化特征及影响因子。结果表明:草地、林地、未利用地是研究区主要的土地利用类型,耕地、城乡、工矿居民用地、水域面积较小;2000—2018年间祁连山范围内草地、林地、水域面积增加,未利用地面积减少,且2005—2010年期间土地利用类型变化最为明显;2000—2018年期间祁连山区域草地覆盖度增加,中、高覆盖草地面积增加,低覆盖草地面积较少;2000—2018年土地利用类型变化主要发生在祁连山西部地区,主要为草地与未利用地之间的相互转化。草地变化受降水、相对湿度的影响较大。

Land use type change is the most direct manifestation of vegetation change.Qilian Mountain is an important water conservation area in Western China,and the ecological environment is relatively fragile.It is of great significance to study the temporal and spatial change of land use and the response relationship of meteorological factors in the region for regional ecological environment protection.Based on the data of land use types from 2000 to 2018,this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics and influencing factors of land use in Qilian Mountain.The results showed that grassland,forest land and unused land were the main land use types in the study area,and the areas of cultivated land,urban and rural,industrial and mining residential land and water area were small;From 2000 to 2018,the area of grassland,forest land and water area in Qilian Mountain increased,and the area of unused land decreased,and the change of land use type was the most obvious from 2005 to 2010;From 2000 to 2018,the grassland coverage in Qilian mountain area increased.From the land use types,it can be seen that the grassland area with medium and high coverage increased,and the grassland area with low coverage was less;From 2000 to 2018,the change of land use type mainly occurred in the Western Qilian Mountains,mainly the mutual transformation between grassland and unused land.The change of grassland is greatly affected by precipitation and relative humidity.