胆道癌程序性死亡蛋白-1抗体治疗及相关生物标志物研究进展

Research progress of PD-1 antibody therapy and related biomarkers in biliary tract cancers

胆道癌是高度异质性、罕见、难治的恶性肿瘤,早期诊断困难,根治切除率低,传统辅助治疗的效果有限,患者预后较差。免疫疗法开辟了肿瘤治疗新的前沿,其中程序性死亡蛋白-1抗体治疗极具临床应用前景,相关治疗应用于胆道肿瘤的疗效正在被多项临床试验评估,辨别对程序性死亡蛋白-1抗体治疗反应及预后有预测价值的生物标志物是当前面临的挑战之一。本文旨在回顾胆道肿瘤程序性死亡蛋白-1抗体治疗及如肿瘤突变负荷、DNA错配修复等相关疗效预测生物标志物的研究进展。

Biliary tract cancer is characterized by high heterogeneous,rare and refractory malignancy.Since patients are often diagnosed at late stage,the radical resection rate is low,and the effect of traditional adjuvant therapy is limited,therefore the prognosis of patients is poor.Recently Immunotherapy has opened up a new field for tumor therapy.Porgrammed death-1(PD-1)antibody therapy has a great clinical application prospects.The efficacy of related therapies in biliary tract tumors is being evaluated under a number of clinical trials.One of the main challenges is to identify the biomarkers that can predict the response and prognosis of PD-1 antibody therapy.This article aims to summarize the research progress of PD-1 antibody therapy and related biomarkers such as PD-L1,tumor mutational burden,DNA damage repair in biliary tract cancers,and to prospect the future research direction.