试论颠覆性技术保护空间的协同治理框架

A framework of collaborative governance for disruptive technology protective space

颠覆性技术为后发国家技术突袭和弯道超车提供了抓手,探索其保护空间的协同治理框架对科技强国建设和创新治理发展具有重要意义。鉴于颠覆性技术保护空间现有研究中治理框架的不足,在社会-技术系统转型理论的基础上,通过结合三螺旋系统和政策干预多级效应,研究了颠覆性技术保护空间的多元治理主体及其互动、多层次治理过程及其政治进程、多情境协同模式及其治理结构,构建了颠覆性技术保护空间的协同治理框架,为政府和非政府主体协同应对新兴技术治理挑战提供了思路。

Disruptive technologies provide an important starting point for latecomer country’s technical raid and overtaking in cornering.Exploring the collaborative governance framework of protective space is of great significance to the construction of a powerful country with S&T and the development of innovative governance.Due to the transformative impact caused by disruptive technologies,the governance process of protective spaces also presents a high degree of complexity.For example,the multiple governance entities in a protective space interact in multiple system dimensions.The goal of niche transition makes the governance and political process of the protective space behave as a multi-level interactive evolution.Also,the difference in motivations of protective spaces and the allocation of governance power leads to the diversification of coordination modes.The emergence of a series of new characteristics such as diversification,multi-level and multi-situation in the process of protective space governance makes it difficult for traditional governance frameworks to achieve a comprehensive explanation.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a targeted collaborative governance framework and carry out research on relative policy strategies.This paper fills the gap of the existing governance framework through the following three aspects.First,we explain the interaction process of multiple governance entities through the collaboration of consensus space,innovation space and knowledge space by employing the theory of socio-technical system transformation and embedding triple helix system mechanism.In this interactive process,the government is the leader of the consensus space;the enterprise is the net weaver of the innovation space;the academia is the producer of the knowledge space;the intermediary organization is the catalyst for interaction and system transformation.Second,we integrate the political process of the collaborative governance of disruptive technology protective space into a multi-level analysis perspective to display secondary effects(consensus formation)and tertiary effects(signal effects)of policy strategies.Among them,the shielding and nurturing strategies of disruptive technology protective space are the basis for the formation of consensus space,as well as the empowerment strategies play an important role in promoting the interaction between niche-level and regime-level.As a result,the explanatory of the socio-technical system transformation theory to the policy intervention mechanism is improved.Third,we propose four multi-situation collaborative models of protective space governance from two dimensions of driving actors and power distribution.The government-driven model with central actors has a command-and-control structure by using legal governance tools.The government-driven model without central actors has a government-led circular structure by using governance tools such as expectation establishment,government procurement,public-private cooperation,etc.The non-government-driven model with central actors has an oligopoly governance structure by using governance tools such as establishing technical standards,customizing service agreements,creating experimental spaces,etc.The non-government-driven model without central actors has a networked autonomous structure by using supply-side and demand-side governance tools.The results on the diverse governance entities and their interactions,multi-level governance processes and political processes,multi-situation collaboration models and governance structures in disruptive technology protective space provide ideas for the government and non-government entities to cope with the challenges of emerging technology governance.