白磷活化研究进展

Research Progress of White Phosphorus Activation

目前,白磷是工业合成各种有机磷衍生物的主要磷源。传统的方法是用氯气氯化白磷得到PCl_(3),然后再通过盐消除反应使其衍生和功能化。然而,在工业生产过程中用到剧毒氯气以及产生的卤化物废物存在很大安全隐患,同时也会引起环境污染。因此,如何采用无氯化的方式直接实现白磷功能化具有重要的科学研究意义和潜在的应用价值。白磷活化的常用方法有3种,包括有机催化、金属配合物活化和主族元素配合物活化。通过对2010年以来白磷的最新研究进展进行具体的阐述,并对未来进行了展望,旨在为早日实现白磷的无氯转化及其工业化应用提供参考。

At present,white phosphorus is the main phosphorus source for synthesis of various organophosphorus derivatives in industry.The traditional method involves the chlorination of white phosphorus by chlorine gas followed by the functionalization of the generated PCl3 via salt metathesis process.However,the usage of highly toxic chlorine gas and generation of halide waste in industrial production cause great safety and environmental issues.Therefore,due to important scientific research significance and potential industrial value,the direct functionalization of white phosphorus by a chlorine-free approach is highly desired.White phosphorus activation technology can been divided into three categories:organocatalysis,metal complexes and main group complexes.The research progresses of white phosphorus activation since 2010 are summarized in this review.Finally,prospects regarding the white phosphorus activation was given,aiming at providing references for the chlorine-free conversion of white phosphorus and its industrialization.