鄂、西鄂、东鄂辨证——兼论湖北称鄂之由来

A Study of“E”,West“E”and East“E”—on the origin“E”as the abbreviation of Hubei Province

基于考古资料并结合前人研究成果,梳理了乡宁之鄂、沁阳之鄂、随州之鄂、南阳之鄂的地望变迁。西周早期为南控南淮夷、荆蛮,周封鄂于今随州。周夷王时,将鄂迁徙到今河南南阳市宛城区新店乡西鄂故城一带,周代南土防线亦随之收缩。约在春秋早期楚将南阳盆地纳入政治版图之时鄂国已消亡。战国中期前后,西鄂为楚封鄂君之地。垂沙之役后,鄂君东迁大冶鄂王城,始有东鄂。秦及汉初于东鄂故地设鄂县,其后又在南阳鄂国故地设县,因江夏先有鄂县,故称南阳之鄂为西鄂。湖北简称鄂与西周时期随州鄂国或南阳西鄂并无直接关系,而是与行政区划变迁及武昌九省通衢的地位日渐重要有关。武昌有“鄂”之别称,是湖北省简称鄂的直接原因。

This paper clarifies the location changes of several different E's at Xiangning,Qinyang,Suizhou and Nanyang and their relationship between each other based on archaeological material and previous scholarship.The earliest E State was established at modern Suizhou by the court of the Western Zhou in order to control the nearby Huai and Jing Barbarians.During king Yi's reign,it was moved to the West E located in modern Xindian township of Nanyang city,marking the shrinking of the southern defensive line.In the early Spring and Autumn Period,the West E State was extincted and the Nanyang Basin was incorporated into the Chu State.Around the mid-Warring States Period,this place became the fief of the Lord of E.It was not until the War at Chuisha that the Lord of E moved eastward to the capital city of Daye,which was the beginning of the East E.In the Qin and early Western Han Dynasty,the central court established E County at the place of former East E,and later established another county in the Nanyang Basin,the West E,so as to distinguish from the East E.As for E being Hubei's abbreviation,it was not directly related to the E State in Western Zhou or the West E in the Nanyang Basin,but rather to the provincial capital.During the Sui and Tang Dynasties,Jiangxia(in modern Wuchang of Wuhan)was an important transportation hub.Since Wuchang was also named as E,the later eventually became the abbreviation of modern Hubei Province.