农业废弃秸秆纤维填充聚氯乙烯复合材料相容性的实验探究

Experimental Study on the Compatibility of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites Filled with Agricultural Discarded Straw Fiber

采用NaOH溶液浸泡、乙酸酐处理、添加硅烷偶联剂KH570和微波辐照的方法对玉米秸秆纤维进行表面处理,探讨不同实验条件下界面的相容性对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性和防水性能的影响。结果表明:碱溶液蚀刻和微波辐照均可以有效降低秸秆纤维的表面极性,并提高纤维在PVC内部的分散性,从而达到增强界面相容性的效果。与碱溶液蚀刻相比,微波辐照改性的复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性能和防水性能均显著提升。硅烷偶联剂KH570和乙酰化处理可以分别在秸秆纤维表面接枝羧基和乙酰基,从而增强复合材料的相容性。同时,由于乙酸酐力学性能较差,偶联剂对复合材料的性能提升效果优于乙酰化的效果。因此,偶联剂的接枝更适用于优化植物纤维填充PVC复合材料的相容性和性能。综合实验结果,通过微波辐照和偶联剂接枝处理提升秸秆纤维填充PVC复合材料的相容性具有更高的效率和更良好的效果。

NaOH solution immersion, acetic anhydride treatment, adding silane coupling agent KH570 and microwave irradiation were used to treat the surface of corn straw fiber, and the effects of the compatibility of the interface on the mechanical properties, thermal stability and waterproof properties of the composites under different experimental conditions were investigated. The results show that both alkali etching and microwave irradiation can effectively reduce the surface polarity of straw fiber and improve the dispersibility of fiber in PVC to enhance the interface compatibility.Compared with alkali solution etching, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and waterproof properties of composites modified by microwave irradiation are more significantly improved. Silane coupling agent KH570 and acetylation treatment can graft carboxyl and acetyl groups on the surface of straw fiber respectively to enhance the compatibility of the composites. At the same time, the effect of coupling agent on the performance of composites is better than that of acetylation for the weak mechanical properties of acetic anhydride. Therefore, the grafting of coupling agent is more suitable for the compatibility and performance optimization of PVC composites filled with plant fiber.Comprehensive experimental results show that microwave irradiation and coupling agent grafting can improve the compatibility of straw fiber filled PVC composites with higher efficiency and better effect.