乌克兰寡头政治体制:形成、特征及影响

Oligarchy in Ukraine:Formation,Characteristics and Influence

独立后的乌克兰,伴随着国家与社会的全面转轨,寡头迅速崛起并成为国家经济、政治及社会生活的主导。相对于其他后苏联空间国家,乌克兰寡头在政治、商业和媒体等多个领域都非常活跃,而且更具稳定性。乌克兰寡头经常能够操纵政治、经济决策过程,以保持和扩大寻租的机会。相应地,寡头政治已经成为乌克兰国家治理和政治转型中的一个核心特征和关键要素。在寡头治理模式之下,乌克兰长期面临着系统性的经济、政治与社会危机以及体制弱点和内部分歧的困扰。寡头影响已经深深融入乌克兰的经济、政治和社会生活之中,成为腐败泛滥的根本原因,也是国家治理困境的根源,消除寡头影响似乎是乌克兰所面临的许多问题的解决方案,但这在短期内是难以实现的。

After the independence of Ukraine,oligarchs have rose rapidly and gradually dominated Ukraine's economic,political and social life.Compared to their counterparts in other post-communist countries,the Ukrainian oligarchs are very active in politics,business,and media.They are often able to manipulate the political and economic decision-making process to gain and maintain rent-seeking opportunities.Accordingly,oligarchy has become a core feature and key element in Ukraine's national governance and political transformation.In the context of oligarchy,Ukraine has long faced systemic economic,political and social crises,as well as institutional weaknesses and internal disputes.The widespread corruption and the dilemma of national could also be attributed to the oligarchy.Eliminating the influence of oligarchs seems to be the solution to many problems in Ukraine.But this goal is hard to achieve in the short term.