打破市场分割会促进中国企业减排吗?

Does Breaking Market Segmentation Promote Chinese Enterprises to Reduce Pollution Emissions?

绿色发展是新发展理念的关键内容之一。20世纪末以来,基于地方政府的"保护主义"而形成的市场分割现象,显然会在一定程度上掣肘绿色发展的进程,而实现产品和要素的自由流动以及打破市场分割是加快贯彻绿色发展理念的必要体制支撑。基于此,文章通过构建市场分割影响企业污染排放行为的理论框架,并且利用2000-2012年中国工业企业数据库和中国企业绿色发展数据库的合并微观数据,实证研究了市场分割对企业污染排放强度的影响。研究表明:(1)通过消除地区市场分割现象会有效降低企业的污染排放,这一作用会通过规模效应、技术效应、配置效应三个传导渠道得以实现,并且在考虑一系列内生性问题后结论仍然稳健。(2)市场分割对于企业污染排放的影响存在异质性特征,即市场分割对于民营企业、非技术密集型企业、中部地区企业的影响相对更大。(3)在引入合理的政绩考核指标和环境规制后,企业排污决策受市场分割的影响将显著降低。因此,持续推动区域市场一体化、加强环境立法规制、建立合理的政绩考核机制,将有助于构建环境保护与经济增长的绿色发展联动机制。

Green development is the key content of the new development concept. Since 1990 s,market segmentation led by“beggar-thy-neighbor”and“local protectionism”among local governments has obviously obstructed the process of green development. Therefore,breaking market segmentation by realizing the free flow of products and factors is the necessary institutional support for accelerating the implementation of the concept of green development.Based on the above,this study attempts to make contributions in the following three aspects:(1)Succeed to Copeland & Taylor(1994),it develops a theoretical model for analyzing enterprises’ pollution emission decisions under market segmentation,by introducing inter-regional trade cost and game behavior.(2)It applies the micro-level data of China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Enterprise Green Development Database from 2000 to 2012,and constructs the indicators of enterprise pollution emissions and market segmentation which are more in line with reality.(3)It explores the micro-level mechanism through which market segmentation acts on enterprises’ pollution emission behavior,which provides practical path support for deepening the reform of market integration and environmental regulation.This study shows that breaking regional market segmentation could significantly reduce enterprise pollution emissions,which can be realized through three channels:scale effect,technology effect,and allocation effect. The conclusion is still stable after considering a series of endogenous problems. Meanwhile,the impact is highly heterogeneous. Specifically,market segmentation has a greater impact on private enterprises,non-technology-intensive enterprises and enterprises in Central China. Finally,through the introduction of reasonable performance evaluation indicators and environmental regulations to break market segmentation,it can play a positive role in regulating enterprise emission reduction.