国际公共卫生紧急事件下中美科学合作模式比较分析

Research on Scientific Collaboration Pattern Between China's Mainland and the USA Under Public Health Emergencies

[目的/意义]中美是全球科学文献产出的核心力量,探究其在应对不同疫情下科学合作模式的特征与差异,为相关政策制定及实践提供有益参考。[方法/过程]以SARS和COVID-19相关的科研论文为研究对象,在细分不同合作类型和改进合作强度指标的基础上,从科研贡献、合作强度、合作网络与合作领域视角对中美科学合作模式展开研究。[结果/结论]中国大陆与美国均为两次疫情的主要科研贡献者,但中国大陆对疫情研究的关注度更易随疫情态势变化而改变。虽然中美在两次疫情中均互为双方最密切的合作伙伴,但两国在COVID-19研究中的合作强度明显低于SARS研究。从合作网络来看,美国在两次疫情的全球合作网络中均处于核心地位,而中国大陆的中心程度则低于美国。从合作领域来看,中美在两种疾病研究中的学科分布各有侧重。

[Purpose/significance]Understanding the pattern of scientific collaboration between China's Mainland and the USA-the world’s leading producers of scientific publications,could be beneficial to decision-makers in research and health policy in creating and adjusting anti-epidemic strategies.[Method/process]Taking publications related to SARS and COVID-19 as research objects,this study explored the collaboration patterns of the China's Mainland and the USA from the perspectives of research effort,collaboration strength,collaboration network and major fields on the basis of classification of collaboration types and improvement of Salton’s index.[Result/conclusion]Both the China's Mainland and the USA are the main contributors to the research on SARS and COVID-19,while the attention of the Chinese scholars to relevant research tends to change with the situation of the epidemics.Although China's Mainland and the USA were the closest partners for each other in SARS and COVID-19 research,the collaboration strength between the two countries is obviously lower in COVID-19 research than that of SARS research.The USA is at the heart of both SARS and COVID-19 collaborative networks,while China's Mainland’s position is significantly lower.As for the research fields,China's Mainland and the USA have different emphasis on the discipline distributions.