论《民法典》视角下性骚扰的单位侵权责任形态

Considering the Form of Unit Tort Liability for Sexual Harassment from the Perspective of Civil Code

结合《民法典》侵权责任编视角,从单位义务的性质和来源出发,探寻单位承担责任的正当性基础,阐述了单位违反《民法典》人格权编第1010条第二款所规定的义务的法律后果。提出在单位内部发生性骚扰,由于单位具有法益保护型安全保障义务,违反该义务构成侵权责任,其责任形态并非替代责任,而是在第三人侵权情形下,违反安全保障义务的补充责任;当单位具有主观故意,构成帮助侵权时,则应与实施性骚扰的员工承担连带责任。

Combining with the tort liability chapter of the Civil Code,starting from the nature and source of the unit's obligations,this paper explores the justification basis for the unit's liability,and expounds the legal consequences of unit's violation of Article 1010,item 2 in the Personal Rights Chapter of the Civil Code.It believes that if sexual harassment occurs within the unit,because the unit has a legal interest protection type of safety guarantee obligation,the violation of this obligation constitutes tort liability,and its form of liability is not a substitute liability,but a supplementary liability for the violation of the security guarantee obligation in the case of a third party's infringement;when the unit has a subjective intention that constitutes aiding infringement,it should bear joint and several liability with the employee who committed the sexual harassment.