市售5种消毒剂对舍饲鸭场的杀菌效果评价

Evaluation of the Sterilization Effect of 5 Kinds of Disinfectants on the Duck Farm

为了解贵州省某舍饲鸭场环境中菌落分布情况以及市售五种常用消毒剂(苯扎溴铵、月苄三甲氯铵、复方戊二醛、戊二醛癸甲溴铵、聚维酮碘)的灭菌效果,采集鸭场空气、粪便、垫料、饮水样本进行菌落总数测定。分别配制最小杀菌浓度的苯扎溴铵、月卞三甲氯铵、复方戊二醛及戊二醛癸甲溴铵4种消毒剂,采用雾线、喷洒消毒方式对舍饲鸭场空气、漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框及运输车车轮进行现场消毒;配制最小杀菌浓度的聚维酮碘,采用涂抹方式对鸭蹼部皮肤进行涂抹消毒;最后分别测定鸭场空气、漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框、运输车车轮及鸭蹼样本消毒前后的菌落总数并计算5种消毒剂对细菌的杀菌率。结果显示:舍饲鸭场空气菌落总数为3.79×10^(4)CFU/m^(3),超出NY/T 388-1999畜禽场环境质量标准规定数值(25000 CFU/m^(3));粪便菌落总数为2.67×10^(7)CFU/g,超出GB18596-2001畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准规定数值(1.03×10^(6)CFU/g);垫料菌落总数为3.7×10^(6)CFU/g,超出NY/T1167-2006畜禽场环境质量及卫生控制规范规定的清洁土壤数值(5×10^(4)CFU/g);饮水菌落总数为12 CFU/mL,符合GB 5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准(100 CFU/mL)。5种消毒剂对鸭场进行现场消毒试验,复方戊二醛对漏缝地板、蛋框、运输车车轮的细菌杀菌率最高,分别为96.78%、81.31%、87.5%;戊二醛癸甲溴铵对鸭舍空气、料槽的细菌杀菌率最高,分别为34.85%、74.35%;聚维酮碘对鸭蹼部皮肤细菌杀菌率为72.45%;4种消毒剂对漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框、运输车车轮消毒效果良好,对空气的消毒效果不理想;聚维酮碘对鸭蹼部皮肤消毒效果不理想。结果表明:该舍饲鸭场存在大量超过国标菌落总数的安全隐患,通过对该鸭场微生物菌落计数及现场消杀试验,在一定程度将菌落总数控制在了合理范围。研究结果为掌握舍饲鸭场微生物菌落分布情况,制定舍饲鸭场消毒程序以及科学防控养鸭场细菌性疾病提供参考依据。

In order to understand the distribution of colonies in the environment of a duck farm in Guizhou province and the sterilization effect of five commonly used disinfectants(benzalkonium bromide,halimide solution,compound glutaral solution,glutaral and deciquam solution,povidone iodine)on the market,the total number of colonies was determined by collecting air,feces,padding and drinking water samples from duck farms.Four disinfectants(benzalkonium bromide,halimide solution,compound glutaral solution,glutaral and deciquam solution)with minimum bactericidal concentration were prepared,and field disinfection was carried out on the air,slatted floor,feed trough,egg box and transporter wheels in duck farm by fog line and spraying disinfection;prepare povidone iodine with the minimum bactericidal concentration,and the skin of duck webs was disinfected by smearing method;then the total bacterial count of air,slatted floor,feed trough,egg box and transporter wheels and duck webs samples before and after disinfection were determined respectively,and the sterilization rate of five disinfectants were calculated.The results showed that the total number of air colonies in the duck farm was 3.79×10^(4)CFU/m^(3),which exceeded the standard value of NY/T 388-1999(25000 CFU/m^(3));the total number of fecal colonies was 2.67×10^(7)CFU/g,which exceeded the specified value of GB18596-2001(1.03×10^(6)CFU/g);The total number of colonies in padding was 3.7×10^(6)CFU/g,which exceeded the clean soil value specified in NY/T1167-2006(5×10^(4)CFU/g);The total number of colonies in drinking water was 12 CFU/mL,which met the hygienic standard for drinking water(100 CFU/mL)of GB 5749-2006.The field disinfection test of five disinfectants on duck farms showed that the compound glutaral solution had the highest bactericidal rate of 96.78%,81.31%and 87.5%on the slatted floor,egg box and transporter wheels,respectively;the glutaral and deciquam solution had the highest bactericidal rates of 34.85%and 74.35%in the air and feed trough,respectively.the bactericidal rate of povidone iodine in duck webs was 72.45%.The four disinfectants have good disinfection effect on slatted floor,feed trough,egg box and transporter wheels;but the disinfection effect on air and duck webs are not ideal.The results showed that there were a large number of potential safety hazards exceeding the national standard of the total number of colonies in the duck farm.The total number of colonies was controlled in a reasonable range to a certain extent through the microbial colony count and field disinfection.The results were aimed to provide reference for mastering the distribution of microbial colonies,formulating disinfection procedures and scientific prevention and control of bacterial diseases in duck farms.