西南某化工园区周边区域环境空气中苯系物和卤代烃的污染特征及健康风险研究

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risks of Typical Benzene Series and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Surroundings of a Chemical Industry Park in Southwest China

于2020年8月和11月,在中国西南某化工园区周边6个采样点采集环境空气样品,对5种典型苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间/对二甲苯)和7种典型卤代烃(三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷)进行研究,明确了区域典型苯系物和卤代烃(BSHs)的污染特征,并评估其对人体的健康风险。结果表明:化工园区周边环境空气中苯系物检出率均>60%,卤代烃中除三溴甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷外,检出率均>50%。苯系物和卤代烃的平均质量浓度分别为4.14~11.19μg/m^(3)和0.30~10.86μg/m^(3)。BSHs的浓度夏季低于冬季,这可能与人为的季节性燃烧源有关。苯、四氯化碳和四氯乙烯超过国际WELL建筑标准v2,全年超标率分别为3.33%,8.33%和11.67%。BSHs的非致癌和致癌风险均为成人>儿童,成人和儿童的非致癌总风险分别为1.87×10^(-2)和1.26×10^(-2),处于可接受水平;成人和儿童的致癌风险分别为1.76×10^(-3)和1.19×10^(-3),处于不可接受水平。

This paper investigated the impact of 5 typical benzene series(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,o-xylene,and m+p-xylene)and 7 typical halogenated hydrocarbons(trichloromethane,trichloroethylene,carbon tetrachloride,tetrachloroethylene,tribromomethane,bromodichloromethane,and dibromochloromethane)on the environment and human health risks,these pollutants came from 6 sampling points in the ambient air of a chemical park in southwest China.The sampling and analysis were conducted in August and November 2020,which clarified the pollution characteristics of typical benzene series and halogenated hydrocarbons(BSHs)and assessed their health risks in the region.The results indicated that the detection rates of benzene series were greater than 60%,and halogenated hydrocarbons(except for bromoform,bromodichloromethane,and dibromochloromethane)were greater than 50%in the ambient air of the chemical park.The average concentration ranges of BSHs were 4.14~11.19 and 0.30~10.86μg/m^(3),respectively.Moreover,the concentration of BSHs in summer was lower than that in winter,which may be related to man-made seasonal sources of combustion in winter.The over-standard phenomenon for benzene,carbon tetrachloride,and tetrachloroethylene were observed,with annual exceedance rates of 3.33%,8.33%,and 11.67%,respectively.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of BSHs for adults were higher than those for children.The total non-carcinogenic risk of adults and children were 1.56×10^(-3) and 1.26×10^(-3),respectively,which were at an acceptable level;the total carcinogenic risk of adults and children were 1.76×10^(-3) and 1.19×10^(-3),respectively,which were at an unacceptable level.