不同类型前瞻记忆在不同年级大学生中的对比研究

The Contrast of Different Types of Prospective Memory in University Students of Different Grades

目的研究年龄、前瞻记忆类型对大学生进行中任务和前瞻记忆任务的影响。方法采用E-prime制作相关研究程序,对大一、大二和大三共计三百名被试大学生进行对比研究。结果年龄对基于活动的进行中任务的反应时有着非常显著的影响(p<0.001),对基于事件的进行中任务的反应时有着显著的影响(p<0.05)。但是年龄对基于活动的进行中任务的正确率(p>0.05)和基于事件的进行中任务的正确率(p>0.05)都没有产生显著的影响。利用两种类型的前瞻记忆对进行中任务的反应时进行对比分析,发现结果有非常显著的差异(p<0.001);但对进行中任务的正确率没有发现显著影响(p>0.05)。年龄对前瞻记忆任务成绩的影响只存在于基于活动的前瞻记忆中(p<0.05),在基于事件的前瞻记忆中不存在(p>0.05)。结论年龄和前瞻记忆的类型(基于事件和基于活动)会对进行中任务的反应时产生非常显著的影响,但对进行中任务的正确率没有影响。年龄会对基于活动的前瞻记忆任务成绩产生显著影响,但对基于事件的前瞻记忆任务成绩没有影响,年龄的影响效应受到了前瞻记忆类型的制约。

Objective To study the effect of the age and type of prospective memory on college students ongoing task and prospective meomry.Method To use E-prime to make programs to do the comparative study in freshmen,sophomores and juniors(total 300 students).Result The age produced a significant effect both on ongoing task s reaction time in activity-based prospective memory(p<0.001)and either on ongoing task s reaction time in event-based prospective memory(p<0.05).But the age did not produce a significant effect on ongoing task s accuracy in activity-based prospective memory(p>0.05)or in event-based prospective memory(p>0.05).Between activity-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory,there was a significant difference in ongoing task s reaction time(p<0.001)and no a significant difference on ongoing task s accuracy(p>0.05).The age s effect on prospective memory did exist in activity-based prospective memory(p<0.05)and did not exist on event-based prospective memory(p>0.05).Conclusion The age and type of prospective memory(activity-based and event-based)could produce significant effect on ongoing task s reaction time and no effect on ongoing task s accuracy.The age could produce significant effect on activity-based prospective memory and no effect on event-based prospective memory.The type of prospective memory would influence on the age s effect.