饲料脂肪源对大规格额尔齐斯河银鲫鱼种生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响

Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Growth Performance,Body Composition and Serum Biochemical Indices of Large Size Gibel Carp(Carassius auratus gibelio Block)from Irtysh River

为研究饲料脂肪源对大规格额尔齐斯河银鲫鱼种生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响,分别以鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、菜籽油(RO)、葵花籽油(SFO)、花生油(PO)、亚麻籽油(LO)为脂肪源配制6种等氮等能的试验饲料,在21~23℃水温下饲喂额尔齐斯河银鲫鱼种(52.78 g±0.10 g)8周。结果表明,对于增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率,FO组、LO组分别显著高于、低于其他组。饲料效率FO组显著高于其他组,LO组最低,与PO组无显著差异。各试验组全鱼的肥满度、脏体比、肝体比及肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、灰分含量无显著性差异;粗脂肪含量全鱼中LO组最高,肌肉中LO组显著高于FO组和SO组。肌肉中脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成呈明显正相关,FO组和RO组相关系数显著高于其他组;各脂肪酸转化率中植物脂肪源(SO、RO、SFO、PO和LO)组C22∶6n-3、C20∶2n-6、C20∶4n-6高于FO组,C18∶2n-6低于FO组。各试验组血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异;FO组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、低/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量比值显著高于其他组。研究结果表明,鱼油作为额尔齐斯河银鲫饲料中的脂肪源,具有明显的促生长优势,亚麻籽油不利于额尔齐斯河银鲫生长;额尔齐斯河银鲫肌肉中脂肪酸组成一定程度上被饲料脂肪酸组成影响;鱼油作为饲料脂肪源提高机体的脂代谢水平,饲料中添加豆油有利于鱼体心血管健康。

To investigate the effect of dietary lipid sources on growth performance,body composition and serum biochemical indices of large size gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio Block)from Irtysh river,six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared with fish oil(FO),soybean oil(SO),rapeseed oil(RO),sunflower seed oil(SFO),peanut oil(PO)and linseed oil(LO),respectively,large size gibel carp was fed with large size fingerling(52.78 g±0.10 g)for 8 weeks at 21℃-23℃water temperature.The results showed that for weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency,FO group was significantly higher and LO group was lower than that in other groups.The feed efficiency of FO group was significantly higher than that in other groups,LO group was the lowest,no significant difference compared with PO group.There were no significant differences in condition factor,viscerosomatic index,hepatosomatic index and moisture,crude protein and ash content between whole fish and muscle.The crude fat content of LO group was the highest in whole fish,LO group was significantly higher than FO group and SO group in muscle.The fatty acid composition had a significantly positive correlation between muscle and dietary,the correlation coefficient of FO group and RO group were significantly higher than other groups,the conversion rate of C22∶6n-3,C20∶2n-6 and C20∶4n-6 in FO group was lower than that in other groups,and C18∶2n-6 was higher.There were no significant difference in the activities of aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and the contents of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLO),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).The levels of total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and LDL-C/HDL-C in FO group were significantly higher than those in other groups.The results suggested that fish oil had obvious advantages for promoting growth,flaxseed oil was not conducive to the growth of the fish.The fatty acid composition in the muscle was affected by the fatty acid composition of the feed on a certain extent.Fish oil can increase the lipid metabolism level of the body,and the addition of soybean oil in the feed is beneficial to cardiovascular health.