覆沙对盐碱地土壤水盐运移及枸杞生长和产量的影响

Effects of Sand-Covered on Soil Water and Salt Movement of Saline-Alkali Land and Lycium barbarum Growth and Yield

旨在探明盐碱地种植枸杞不同覆沙方式(不覆沙为对照、覆细沙5 cm、覆细沙10 cm、覆粗沙10 cm、覆粗沙5 cm)对土壤水盐运移及枸杞生长和产量的影响。以3 a生‘宁杞1号’枸杞为试材,测定不同生育期0~100 cm土层土壤含水量、pH、盐分含量及组成等。结果表明:与不覆沙相比,覆沙条件下枸杞生育期内的土壤含水量均极显著提高,盐碱地土壤pH和全盐量有效降低,以覆粗沙厚度为5 cm最佳,其盐分离子Na^(+)、K^(+)、SO^(-2)_(4)、Cl^(-)抑制效果更突出。同时,不同覆沙处理对枸杞生长发育也有明显促进作用,枝条长度平均增加15.22%,枸杞产量均达到极显著水平,覆粗沙5 cm产量最高,纯收入及产投比最佳,相比对照增产19.64%。对于盐碱干旱区枸杞的种植,覆粗沙5 cm整体抑盐增产效果最显著,是红寺堡灌区枸杞持续稳产的有效覆盖方式。

In order to make clear the effects of different sand coverage methods(no sand as a control,fine sand coverage 5 cm,fine sand coverage 10 cm,coarse sand coverage 10 cm,coarse sand coverage 5 cm)on soil water and salt movement of saline-alkali land,Lycium barbarum growth and yield.Three years old Lycium barbarum variety‘Ningqi No.1’was used as material,soil water content,pH,salt content and composition in 0-100 cm soil layer were measured in different growth periods.The results showed that,compared with no sand coverage(CK),the soil water content during the growth period of Lycium barbarum significantly increased under sand coverage.The pH and total salt content of saline-alkali soil effectively reduced.The 5 cm thickness of coarse sand coverage was the best,which had more prominent inhibition of salt segregators Na^(+),K^(+),SO^(-2)_(4),Cl^(-).Meanwhile,different sand-covered treatments had a significant promoting role in the growth and development of Lycium barbarum.Branch length increased by 15.22%on average.The yield of Lycium barbarum reached a very hihg level,the yield was the highest under 5 cm coarse sand-coverage,net income and output-to-investment ratio were optimum,which was 19.64%higher than the control.For the planting of Lycium barbarum in saline-alkali arid area,the salt suppression and yield increasing effect of 5 cm coarse sand-coverage were the most significant.It was an effective covered method for continuous and stable production of Lycium barbarum in Hongsipu irrigation area.